摘要
生物碱是从植物中分离出来的含氮杂环化合物,具有数量众多,结构多样性和复杂性等特点。根据化学核心结构的不同,可将生物碱分为异喹啉类、喹啉类、吲哚类、哌啶类等。目前,由于抗生素的广泛应用,耐药细菌感染问题逐渐增多,严重影响了抗菌药物的临床疗效。生物碱是一种潜在的新型天然抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌谱、较少的不良反应和较低的耐药性,其主要抑菌机制包括抑制细菌细胞壁合成、改变细胞膜通透性、抑制细菌代谢、抑制核酸和蛋白质合成等。本文就天然生物碱的化学结构、抗菌活性及作用机理作一综述,旨在为解决细菌耐药性和开发新型抗菌药物提供理论依据及研究思路。
Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds isolated from plants,which have the characteristics of numerous,structural diversity and complexity.According to different chemical core structures,alkaloids can be divided into isoquinolines,quinolines,indoles,piperidines,etc.At present,due to the widespread use of antibiotics,the problem of drug-resistant bacterial infections has gradually increased,which has seriously affected the clinical efficacy of antibacterial drugs.Alkaloid is a potential new natural antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum,fewer adverse reactions and low drug resistance.Its main antibacterial mechanisms include inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis,alteration of cell membrane permeability,and inhibition of bacterial metabolism,Inhibit nucleic acid and protein synthesis,etc.This article reviews the chemical structure,antibacterial activity and mechanism of natural alkaloids.It aims to provide theoretical basis and research ideas for solving the problem of bacterial resistance and developing new antibacterial drugs.
作者
李凡凡
郑越超
LI Fan-fan;ZHENG Yue-chao(Department of Breast Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300193,China)
出处
《医学信息》
2021年第17期49-52,共4页
Journal of Medical Information
基金
天津市自然科学基金项目(编号:18JCYBJC93600)。
关键词
生物碱
抗菌活性
耐药性
天然抗生素
Alkaloids
Antibacterial activity
Drug resistance
Natural antibiotics
