摘要
目的探究天津市中小学生视力不良现状及主要影响因素,为制定学生视力不良防控措施提供科学依据。方法于2018年9-10月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取天津市22所中小学校5 194名学生为研究对象,开展远视力检查和问卷调查。采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果 5 194名学生中视力不良检出率为71.91%,其中女生视力不良检出率(76.47%)高于男生(67.39%),城区学生视力不良检出率(79.73%)高于郊区(62.61%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。视力不良检出率及重度视力不良构成比随年级的增长而呈现上升趋势(趋势χ2值分别为135.61、97.78,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,每天户外活动2 h及以上(2~<3 h OR=0.82,95%CI:0.68~0.99;≥3 h OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62~0.93)、课间户外活动(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.70~0.90)、一天至少2次眼保健操(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.60~0.78)的学生患视力不良风险较低(P <0.05,P<0.01)。每天睡眠时间不足8 h(6~<8 h OR=1.40,95%CI:1.20~1.64;<6 h OR=1.55,95%CI:1.09~2.18)、放学后做作业时间≥1 h (1~<2 h OR=1.30,95%CI:1.10~1.54;≥2 h OR=1.39,95%CI:1.17~1.65)、持续近距离用眼≥1 h(1~<2 h OR=1.18,95%CI:1.02~1.36;≥2 h OR=1.23,95%CI:1.03~1.46)和父母近视(父母一方近视OR=1.59,95%CI:1.38~1.84;父母均近视OR=2.90,95%CI:2.27~3.71)的学生患视力不良风险较高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论学生视力不良受遗传因素和环境因素的影响,应在睡眠、户外运动、合理用眼等方面开展综合干预,养成良好的视觉行为习惯,保护学生视力。
Objective To explore the present situation and main influencing factors of poor vision in primary and middle school students of Tianjin,and to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of poor vision among students.Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 194 students from 22 primary and secondary schools in Tianjin as the subjects,the investigation was performed with the distance vision examination and questionnaire. The χ2 test and multi-factor logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The used software was SPSS 24.0. Results The detected rate of poor vision in 5 194 students was 71.91%,the detected rate(76.47%) in female students was significantly higher than that(67.39%) in male students,the detected rate(79.73%) in urban students was significantly higher than that(62.61%) in suburban students(P<0.01). The detected rates of poor vision and the severe poor vision increased with the grade(trend χ2 values were 135.61 and 97.78,P <0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the poor vision risk of students with ≥2 hours of outdoor activities per day(2-<3 h,OR=0.82,95%CI:0.68-0.99;≥3 h OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62-0.93),outdoor activity during recess(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.70-0.90),and do eye exercises at least twice a day(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.60-0.78) was lower(P<0.05,P<0.01). The poor vision risk of students with sleeping time <8 h(6-<8 h OR=1.40,95%CI:1.20-1.64;<6 h OR=1.55,95%CI:1.09-2.18),≥1 h of homework duration(1-<2 h OR=1.30,95%CI:1.10-1.54;≥2 h OR=1.39,95%CI:1.17-1.65),≥1 h of continuous short distance use of eyes(1-<2 h OR=1.18,95%CI:1.02-1.36;≥2 h OR=1.23,95%CI:1.03-1.46)and parental myopia(single parental myopia,OR=1.59,95%CI:1.38-1.84;double parental myopia,OR=2.90,95%CI:2.27-3.71) was higher(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Poor vision of students is affected by genetic factors and environmental factors.Comprehensive interventions in aspects such as sleep,outdoor sports and rational use of eyes should be performed to develop good visual behavior habits and to protect student eyesight.
作者
徐渴
刘忠慧
冯宝佳
孙志颖
侯常春
XU Ke;LIU Zhong-hui;FENG Bao-jia;SUN Zhi-ying;HOU Chang-chun(Environmental and Health Department,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)
出处
《中国慢性病预防与控制》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期589-592,596,共5页
Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
关键词
视力不良
学生
影响因素
Poor vision
Students
Influencing factors
