摘要
目的了解甘肃省某农村小学学生营养健康状况、知识掌握情况和营养行为现状,针对学生营养相关问题提出干预措施及建议。方法2018年9—11月,按整群抽样方法,选取某农村一所小学全体学生作为调查对象,测定其身高和体重,以中国疾病预防控制中心统一设计的调查问卷,开展营养健康知识和行为问卷调查。结果共调查6~12岁小学生1779人,同年龄组男生平均身高、体重均高于女生;学生生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为4.44%,13.38%,24.96%和12.93%,超重检出率低年龄组(6~8岁)高于高年龄组(9~12岁),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=130.831,P<0.05),不同性别(χ^(2)=2.023,1.938,0.751,0.001)和不同年龄(χ^(2)=8.979,6.612,20.885)学生检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);学生的营养健康知识,纯牛奶的营养标签掌握率最高(55.71%),掌握率最低的是每天要吃的食物种类数量(12.87%);健康营养行为中每天吃早饭的学生占57.11%,仍有大部分学生存在不健康的营养行为,不同性别学生营养健康行为差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.801,2.042,9.519,0.647,0.002,0.003,0.032,P>0.05)。结论甘肃省农村地区小学生营养健康知识掌握程度有待提升;应家校联合,通过营养健康教育、均衡膳食、合理身体活动在内的综合措施,提高学生的健康知识和营养水平。
Objective To understand the status of nutritional health,the knowledge mastering and the nutritional behavior among the students in a rural primary school in Gansu province,and put forward the intervention measures and suggestions targeting the nutrition problems of the students.Methods All students in a rural primary school were selected as the object with cluster sampling method,to measure height,weight and the nutrition status from September to November,2018.Questionnaire survey of nutritional knowledge and behavior was carried out with the questionnaire designed by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Results Totally 1779 primary school students aged 6-12 years were investigated,with the higher average height and weight in schoolboys than in schoolgirls at the same age group.The detection rate was 4.44%of growth retardation,13.38%of emaciation,24.96%of overweight and 12.93%of obesity in the primary school students,with the overweight higher(χ^(2)=130.831,P<0.05)in the younger age groups(6-8 years)than in elder age groups(9-12 years).There were no statistical differences(P>0.05)in the detection rate between the male and female(χ^(2)=2.023,1.938,0.751,0.001),and among different age groups(χ^(2)=8.979,6.612,20.885).Out of the nutrition health knowledge,the mastering rate was the highest of nutrition label of pure milk(55.71%)and the lowest(12.87%)of the number of food types taking in everyday.For the healthy nutritional behaviors,the students eating breakfast everyday accounted for 57.11%and the unhealthy nutritional behaviors existed in most of the students,and there was no statistical difference in healthy nutrition behaviors between the male and female(χ^(2)=1.801,2.042,9.519,0.647,0.002,0.003,0.032,P>0.05).Conclusions The knowledge about nutrition and health in the primary school students in rural areas of Gansu province needs increasing.Comprehensive measures,including nutritional health education,diet balance and proper physical exercise,should be taken by families and schools to improve the level of the nutritional health knowledge in the students.
作者
刘舒瑜
王舒颖
席金恩
何虎鹏
LIU Shu-yu;WANG Shu-ying;XI Jin-en;HE Hu-peng(Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;不详)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2021年第4期15-18,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
基金
兰州市科技局项目(2018-03-32)。
关键词
小学生
营养状况
营养知识
健康行为
Primary school student
Nutritional status
Nutritional knowledge
Health behavior
