摘要
为解决农户传统水肥一体化灌溉方式中存在的施用营养液浓度均匀性差、劳动强度大、过量施肥等问题,研究设计了一种与膜下微喷灌高灌溉流量特性相匹配的大吸肥量、低成本的轻简水肥一体机。通过自主设计的性能测试平台对其吸肥性能进行了测试,从而确定了吸肥泵的安装位置。为验证该水肥一体机应用效果,首先检测了应用水肥一体机和传统方式下灌溉营养液浓度均匀性,然后按照追肥总量比传统方式减少30%的方案进行了日光温室黄瓜栽培对比试验。结果表明,在水肥一体机出口压力分别为0.09、0.11、0.13 MPa时,吸肥泵前置吸肥效果好于后置;应用轻简水肥一体机灌溉施肥与传统方式相比,灌溉营养液浓度的空间均匀性没有显著差异,但时间均匀性差异显著,传统方式下灌溉营养液浓度随时间的推移不断下降,而应用水肥一体机的则保持稳定;在减施化肥30%情况下,与传统方式相比,应用水肥一体机灌溉仍可增产6.18%,每栋温室(670 m^(2))毎个生长季(7个月)可节约工时14 h,减施化肥27 kg,可提高效益2.15万元/hm^(2)。综上,该轻简水肥一体机灌溉营养液均匀、节省人工和肥料、提高生产效益,具有较好的推广应用前景。
In order to solve the problems of poor uniformity of nutrient solution concentration,high labor intensity and excessive fertilization in the traditional irrigation method of integrated water and fertilizer for farmers,a simplified water and fertilizer integrated machine with large fertilizer uptake amount and low cost was designed to match the characteristics of sub-membrane micro-spraying with high irrigation flow.Through the self-designed water and fertilizer integrated performance testing platform,the fertilizer uptake performance of the pump was tested,and the installation position of the suction pump was determined.In order to verify the application effect of the water and fertilizer integrated machine,the uniformity of irrigation nutrient solution concentration under the application of the water and fertilizer integrated machine and the traditional method was tested first,and then a comparative experiment of cucumber cultivation in solar greenhouse was carried out with the total amount of topdressing reduced by 30% compared with the traditional method.The results showed that when the outlet pressure of the water and fertilizer integrated machine was 0.09,0.11 and 0.13 MPa,the effect of suction pump in front was better than that in the rear.Compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization method,the spatial uniformity of irrigation nutrient solution concentration under the simplified water and fertilizer integrated machine was not significantly different,but the temporal uniformity was significantly different.The concentration of irrigation nutrient solution under the traditional method decreased continuously over time,while it remained stable under the water and fertilizer integrated machine.In the case of 30% less fertilization,compared with the traditional method,the application of water and fertilizer integrated machine could still increase the yield by 6.18%,14 hours could be saved per growing season(7 months)for each greenhouse(670 m2),fertilization could be reduced by 27 kg,and the benefit could be increased by 21500 yuan/hm^(2).In conclusion,the simplified water and fertilizer integrated machine has broad prospects of promotion and application.
作者
尹义蕾
李恺
侯永
齐青卓
王柳
魏文亮
丁小明
YIN Yi-lei;LI Kai;HOU Yong;QI Qing-zhuo;WANG Liu;WEI Wen-liang;DING Xiao-ming(Instituteof Protected Agriculture,Academy of Agricultural Planningand Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Purdue University,West Lafayette,IN 47907,USA;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Yongqing County,Yongqing 065600,Hebei Province,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2021年第9期7-11,共5页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201010)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201503)。
关键词
膜下微喷灌
轻简水肥一体机
测试平台
吸肥泵
吸肥量
浓度均匀性
sub-membrane micro-spraying
simplified water fertilizer integrated machine
testing platform
suction pump
fertilizer uptake amount
uniform concentration
