摘要
地下水与河水之间的水量交换具有复杂的过程,受地形地貌、水文及水文地质条件等的影响。以松花江、黑龙江、挠力河及乌苏里江4条河流作为边界的三江平原典型区为例,通过补充水文地质勘察,结合2000—2018年河水位及地下水位动态的空间分布,对该地区河流代表性河段河水与地下水水量交换的时空变化规律进行深入分析。结果表明:三江平原典型区四周河流代表段的河水与地下水的水力联系较强,研究期内50%以上的年份两者的水位变化呈显著或高度相关,其中松花江富锦段地下水位与河水位相关性最强,挠力河菜咀子段和乌苏里江海青段次之,黑龙江勤得利段最弱;多年平均背景下,挠力河菜咀子段为地表水补给地下水,松花江富锦段、乌苏里江海青段及黑龙江勤得利段皆为地下水补给地表水;松花江富锦段多年平均地表水地下水单宽交换量为10^(-2)m^(3)(/d·m)量级,黑龙江勤得利段为10^(-5)m^(3)(/d·m)量级,挠力河菜咀子段为10^(-3)m^(3)(/d·m)量级,乌苏里江海青段为10^(-3)m^(3)(/d·m)量级;相关系数与地表水地下水单宽交换量大小存在正相关,相关系数越大,单宽交换量越大,MK趋势检验结果表明,各河流代表性河段单宽交换量均存在减小趋势,其中乌苏里江海青段趋势显著,松花江富锦段趋势最小;松花江富锦段单宽交换量年际和年内波动强烈且均占主导地位,年内尺度下仅6月份为显著减小趋势,未构成年际尺度下显著减小的整体趋势,水量交换变化频繁、规律性较弱;黑龙江勤得利段年际及年内尺度波动均占主导地位,与松花江情况类似但波动程度较弱,年内尺度下不存在显著变化趋势,因此未构成显著减小的整体趋势;挠力河菜咀子段主要以年际尺度波动,1—5月存在显著减小趋势,但未增大年内尺度波动,且未构成显著减小的整体趋势;乌苏里江海青段主要为年内尺度波动,6—9月及12月的显著减小趋势增大了年内波动,且构成了显著减小的整体趋势。研究结果可为三江平原典型区水资源评价提供科学依据,为该地区水资源的科学开发利用提供理论参考。
The exchange of water quantity between surface water and groundwater is a complex process that is influenced by topographic factors,hydrologic factors and hydrogeologic factors.This article focused on the analysis of a representative district of the Sanjiang Plain with four rivers as the research area bound⁃ary:Songhuajiang,Heilongjiang,Naolihe and Wusulijiang rivers.The spatial-temporal variation of water quantity exchange between river and groundwater in representative river sections of this region was investigat⁃ed based on field hydrogeological investigations and analysis of the spatial distribution of river and ground⁃water level dynamics from 2000 to 2018.The findings revealed that there is a strong hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater at representative river sections in the Sanjiang plain,which is signif⁃icantly or highly correlated in more than 50%of the years during the study period.The Fujin section of Songhuajiang River had the strongest correlation whilst Caijuzi section of Naolihe River and Haiqing section of Wusulijiang River had a correlation between Fujin section of Songhuajiang River and Qindeli section of Heilongjiang River.The weakest correlation was observed at the Qindeli section of Heilongjiang River.On a perennial scale,the Caijuzi section of Naolihe River is ground water recharged by surface water,whereas the Fujin section,the Haiqing section and the Qindeli section,of Songhuajiang River,Wusulijiang River and Heilongjiang River respectively are all surface water recharged by groundwater.The perennial average water quantity exchange per unit width of the river and groundwater in Fujin section of Songhuajiang River is 10^(-2)(m^(3)/d·m),Qindeli section of Heilongjiang River is 10^(-5)(m^(3)/d·m),Caijuzi section of Naolihe River is 10^(-3)(m^(3)/d·m),and Haiqing section of Wusulijiang River is 10^(-3)(m^(3)/d·m).The correlation coefficient and the magnitude of water quantity exchange per unit width of the river and groundwater had a positive re⁃lationship,the bigger the correlation coefficient value,the higher the water quantity exchange per unit width,and the results of MK trend test show that the water quantity exchange between surface water and groundwater in representative river sections has a decreasing trend,the trend is significant in Haiqing sec⁃tion of Wusulijiang River,Fujin section of Songhuajiang River has the least decreasing trend.The water quantity exchange of surface water and groundwater in the Fujin section of Songhuajiang River is strongly dominated by annual and interannual fluctuation and only June showed a significant decreasing trend on in⁃terannual scale,which does not constitute the significant annual decreasing trend,therefore the water quan⁃tity exchange relation changes frequently wish a weak regularity.The Qindeli section of Heilongjiang River is dominated by annual and interannual fluctuation,comparable to the Songhuajiang River,though to a less⁃er extent,there is no significant interannual decreasing trend thus it does not constitute the significant an⁃nual decreasing trend.The interannual fluctuation dominate the Caijuzi section of Naolihe River and there was a significant decreasing trend from January to May,but it does not increase the fluctuation in interan⁃nual scale and not constitute the significant annual decreasing trend.The Haiqing section of Wusulijiang River is mainly dominated by annual fluctuation,the significant decreasing trend from June to September and December increase the fluctuation in interannual scale and constitute the significant annual decreasing trend.The findings of this study can serve as a scientific basis for the evaluation of water resources in the typical district of Sanjiang Plain,as well as a theoretical reference for the scientific development and utili⁃zation of water resources in this region.
作者
束龙仓
殷晓然
袁亚杰
吕岩
鲁程鹏
刘波
SHU Longcang;YIN Xiaoran;YUAN Yajie;LU Yan;LU Chengpeng;LIU Bo(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Heilongjiang Monitoring Center of Hydrology and Water Resources,Harbin 150001,China;Jiamusi Monitoring Center of Hydrology and Water Resources,Jiamusi 154002,China)
出处
《水利学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期1151-1162,共12页
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41971027,41572210)。
关键词
河流
含水层
地表水与地下水
水量交换
时空变化规律
rivers
aquifer
surface water and groundwater
water quantity exchange
spatial-temporal variation
