摘要
针对辽东地区降雨量大、玉米花期阴雨寡照、玉米倒伏严重、病虫害发生重、宜机收品种少等问题,于2017—2019年在辽东地区开展耐密宜机收品种筛选、增密抗倒化控技术、免耕技术、氮肥高效利用技术及高效种衣剂防治技术研究,形成辽东密植、抗倒、节本丰产全程机械化高效栽培模式。2018—2019年在凤城白旗、宝山等核心区模式应用结果显示,玉米增产15.9%~33.3%,抗倒伏能力增强,稳产性提高,氮肥利用率(PFPN)提高27.1%,机械化程度大幅度提高,实现玉米子粒直收,收获时子粒含水量在25%~28%,平均产量为11827.5 kg/hm^(2),劳动力投入有效减少,每公顷节约成本1800~2700元。该模式实现了玉米节本、增产增效、绿色生产的目标,起到了良好的示范推广效果,为当地玉米生产提供了技术支撑。
In view of the problems in eastern of Liaoning,such as heavy rainfall,overcast rain and little sunshine during maize flower⁃ing,serious maize lodging,heavy occurrence of diseases and pests,and few varieties suitable for machine harvest,the techniques such as density-tolerant hybrid selecting,chemical regulation applying,no-tillage practice,nitrogen high efficiency utilization and seed coating controlling pests and diseases were studied from 2017 to 2019.Based on these techniques,maize dense planting,antilogging,saving cost,high yield and efficient total mechanization operation technical model was built.This technical model applied in Baiqi and Baoshan area of Fengcheng from 2018 to 2019,the results showed that maize yield increased 15.9%~33.3%,plant anti-log⁃ging ability and stability improved,PFPN(Partial factor productivity from applied N)increased by 27.1%,maize mechanical kernel realized.At the harvest,the water content of kernel was 25%~28%and the average yield was 11827.5 kg/hm^(2),labor cost decreased and saved cost by 1800~2700 RMB per hectare.In summary,this technical model came true the objective of saving cost,increasing yield and efficiency in a green way of production,provided the technology support to the local maize production.
作者
张丽丽
樊叶
薛兵东
丰光
卢秉生
姚永祥
杨海龙
付俊
王孝杰
ZHANG Li-li;FAN Ye;XUE Bing-dong;FENG Guang;LU Bing-sheng;YAO Yong-xiang;YANG Hai-long;FU Jun;WANG Xiao-jie(Dandong Academy of Agricultural Science,Fengcheng 118109,Liaoning,China)
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2021年第20期20-23,共4页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300705-A04,2016YFD0300304)
辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-MS-108)。
关键词
玉米
节本
增产
技术模式
辽东
maize
saving cost
improving yield
technical model
eastern of Liaoning
