摘要
基于《罗贝尔法语大词典》(2005版),本文对工具类词汇后缀-eur,-euse,-oir,-oire,-trice,-ier,-ière在machine、appareil、récipient、ustensile、instrument和outil工具类别的形态竞争情况进行了研究。研究发现:(1)根据派生词总数的绝对频次以及后缀分布比例的费舍尔精确检验结果,具有显著性差异,较为符合高斯所提出的竞争排斥原理;(2)根据历时形态竞争研究结果,我们得出三种形态竞争模式,即绝对竞争模式、交替绝对竞争模式和非绝对竞争模式。其中,后两种竞争模式并不符合竞争排斥原理。因此,我们可以得出以下结论:虽然形态竞争模式在一定程度上符合竞争排斥原理,但该理论具有一定的局限性。
This article offers an analysis of morphological competition in instrumental suffixes,-eur,-euse,-oir,-oire,-trice,-ier and-ière among six instrumental categories,i.e.,machine,appareil,récipient,ustensile,instrument and outil.Based on data collected from Le Grand Robert de la langue française(2005 edition),our analysis reveals that:(1)with Fisher’s exact test results,the absolute frequency of the total number of derived words and the distribution ratio of suffixes have significant differences,which seems to corroborate the principle of competitive exclusion proposed by Gause;(2)three types of competition modes can be defined according to the results of diachronic competition,namely,absolute competition mode,alternative absolute competition mode and non-absolute competition mode.The last two modes do not conform to the principle of competitive exclusion.Therefore,we conclude that although the morphological competition model conforms to the principle of competitive exclusion to a certain extent,it has certain limitations.
关键词
法语
形态学
形态竞争
工具类词汇后缀
French
morphology
morphological competition
instrumental suffix
