摘要
文章对为什么要将碳中和“纳入生态文明建设整体布局”提供一个理论解释,并揭示其政策含义。目前关于碳中和的讨论,重点大都在能源转型和技术突破方面,并聚焦在单一的减碳维度。毫无疑问,新能源和新技术突破是实现碳中和的前提,但将碳中和简化成一个能源替代问题或新技术问题的倾向,却是一个绿色工业文明思路,不是生态文明思路,难以真正实现碳中和目标背后更为根本的可持续发展目标。文章揭示,由于经济发展的内在机制,仅靠技术进步和能源转型并不足以实现可持续发展,更为根本的是要依靠生活方式的深刻转变,否则会像杰文斯悖论一样加剧不可持续;同时,碳中和还必须跳出单一的减碳思维,在生态文明的整体布局下大力推动生产和生活方式的全面深刻转变。气候危机根源于传统工业化模式的不可持续,而这种不可持续不仅表现在气候危机,还表现在资源消耗、环境污染、生态危机等多方面。只有将碳中和纳入生态文明整体布局,让降碳目标和其他可持续目标之间形成相互促进的关系,才是解决气候变化和实现可持续发展的充分条件。绿色转型的主要政策框架应包括三个方面:一是从“人与自然”更宏大的视野,重新审视传统工业时代经济活动的成本和收益概念,通过环境规制等措施改变产品相对价格来转变经济内容。二是通过经济政策引导社会心理和消费偏好,以转变经济发展内容。对价值理论的重新思考以及大量的行为经济学研究,为这方面的转变提供了基础。三是将气候变化政策置于可持续发展的大框架下,综合考虑减排行动对气候变化、资源消耗、生态环境的影响。
This article provides a theoretical explanation for why carbon neutrality should be‘incorporated into the construction of eco⁃logical civilization’and reveals its policy implications.Current discussions on carbon neutrality mostly focus on energy transition and technological breakthroughs,from a single dimension of carbon reduction.There is no doubt that the breakthroughs in new energy and new technologies are the prerequisite for achieving carbon neutrality,but the tendency to consider carbon neutrality simply as an issue of energy substitution or that of new technologies is but a perspective of green industrial civilization,not of ecological civilization,which makes it hard to truly achieve the more fundamental sustainable development goals behind carbon neutrality.This article reveals that,due to the intrinsic mechanism of economic development,technological progress and energy transition are not sufficient for achieving sustainable development.What is more fundamental is to achieve a profound change in lifestyle,otherwise unsustainability will aggra⁃vate like Jevons’paradox.At the same time,to achieve carbon neutrality,we must also jump out of a carbon⁃reduction⁃only mindset,and vigorously promote a comprehensive and profound transformation of production mode and lifestyle under ecological civilization.The climate crisis is rooted in the unsustainability of the traditional industrialization model,and this unsustainability is not only manifested in the climate crisis,but also in many aspects such as resource consumption,environmental pollution,and ecological crisis.Only by in⁃corporating carbon neutrality into ecological civilization and forming a mutually reinforcing relationship between carbon reduction goals and other sustainable goals can the sufficient conditions for addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development be satis⁃fied.The main policy framework for green transformation should include three aspects:First,from a broader perspective of‘man and na⁃ture’,we should redefine the concept of costs and benefits of economic activities in the traditional industrial era,and transform the economy through environmental regulations and other measures to change the relative prices of products.Second,social psychology and consumer preferences should be guided through economic policies so as to shift the content of economic development.The rethinking of value theory and extensive behavioral economics research provide the basis for this shift.Third,we should place climate change poli⁃cies under the framework of sustainable development,and comprehensively consider the impact of emission reduction actions on cli⁃mate change,resource consumption,and ecological environment.
作者
张永生
ZHANG Yongsheng(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Research Institute for Eco-civilization,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期6-15,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中国社会科学院生态文明研究所“气候变化:生态文明视角下碳交易市场前景研究”(批准号:STWM⁃GJ⁃2020⁃001)。
关键词
碳中和
生态文明
绿色工业文明
生产方式转变
生活方式转变
carbon neutrality
ecological civilization
green industrial civilization
transformation of production mode
transformation of lifestyle
