摘要
本文基于北京大学CCL语料库,从历时视角考察了反义对立式语气副词"死活""横竖""反正"的语义演变过程和演变机制。研究发现:(1)"死活"的语义演变路径有两条:一是"偏义复词链",即从加合义到选择义再到偏极义;二是"语义虚化链",即从加合义到概括义再到任指义,而"横竖"和"反正"仅经历了"语义虚化链"的演变过程。"横竖"从加合义到概括义,再到任指义;"反正"从动作义到加合义再到任指义。(2)三个词都经历了语义虚化的过程,其背后的认知机制是概念隐喻与侧显,这是任指义产生的必经之路。(3)"死活"和"横竖"在任指义产生前均通过概念转喻"部分代整体",语义量达到全称遍指,而"反正"由于自身概念语义的宽泛性和概括性,可直接映射到抽象域中表达遍指。
This study examines the semantic change of the antonymous mood adverbs fanzheng"back-front",hengshu"horizontal-vertical"and sihuo"dead-alive",and their cognitive mechanism from the diachronic perspective based on the CCL corpus.The analysis yields the following findings.First,there are two processes of semantic change for sihuo:one is"unilateral compound chain",in which it changes from a combined meaning to a selective meaning and then to a unilateral meaning;the other is"semantic weakening chain",in which it changes from a combined meaning to a generalized meaning and then to an arbitrary meaning.However,hengshu and fanzheng only undergo the semantic weakening chain,in which hengshu changes its meaning from addition to generalization,and then to arbitrariness,while fanzheng changes its meaning from action to addition,and then to arbitrariness.Second,sihuo,hengshu and fanzheng undergo the semantic weakening process motivated by conceptual metaphor and profiling.This is the essential way to produce the arbitrary meaning.Third,before getting the arbitrary meaning,both sihuo and hengshu are used to express universal quantification motivated by the conceptual metonymy PART FOR WHOLE,while fanzheng,which has a broad and general conceptual meaning,can be mapped onto abstract domains to indicate universal quantification directly.
作者
吴淑琼
江艳艳
WU Shuqiong;JIANG Yanyan
出处
《外国语文》
北大核心
2021年第5期70-79,共10页
Foreign Languages and Literature
基金
国家社会科学基金西部项目“类型学视野下的英汉反义关系认知研究”(18XYY003)的阶段性成果。
关键词
反义对立式语气副词
语义演变
历时
认知机制
antonymous mood adverb
semantic change
diachronic
cognitive mechanism
