摘要
目的了解家庭体育环境特征对青少年身体活动水平的影响,为今后中国青少年身体活动促进家庭层面策略的制定提供参考依据。方法于2019年10—12月采用随机抽样方法在北京市清华附中、上海市闵行中学、山东省实验中学、陕西省秦汉中学4所学校抽取314名高中生进行问卷调查和一周不同强度身体活动时间的定量测试。结果青少年静坐行为(SB)、低强度身体活动(LPA)和中高强度身体活动(MVPA)时间分别为(5016.33±1872.00)、(338.03±215.60)和(1585.24±896.22)分/周;青少年家庭体育物理环境中的活动器材可用性和活动器材易用性得分分别为(12.62±3.65)和(7.83±3.52)分,家庭体育社会环境中的父亲模范作用、母亲模范作用、父亲鼓励支持策略和母亲鼓励支持策略得分分别为(15.69±5.28)、(16.74±4.11)、(22.29±6.62)和(8.64±3.17)分;不同性别青少年比较,男生除SB低于女生外,LPA、MVPA及活动器材易用性、父亲模范作用、母亲模范作用、父亲鼓励支持策略和母亲鼓励支持策略得分均高于女生(均P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,活动器材可用性、母亲模范作用和母亲鼓励支持策略是青少年SB的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性、父亲模范作用、母亲模范作用和母亲鼓励支持策略是男生SB的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和父亲鼓励支持策略是女生SB的主要影响因素;活动器材可用性和母亲鼓励支持策略是青少年LPA的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和母亲鼓励支持策略是男生LPA的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和父亲鼓励支持策略是女生LPA的主要影响因素;活动器材可用性和母亲鼓励支持策略是青少年MVPA的主要影响因素,活动器材可用性和母亲模范作用是男生MVPA的主要影响因素,父亲鼓励支持策略是女生MVPA的主要影响因素。结论青少年身体活动与家庭体育物理环境和家庭体育社会环境关系密切,未来在青少年身体活动行为领域应更加关注家庭体育环境的影响。
Objective To explore effects of different dimensions of family sports environment on physical activity(PA)among Chinese adolescents and to provide evidences for developing family-based PA promotion strategies in the future.Methods Using randomly sampling at 4 urban high schools in two municipalities(Beijing and Shanghai) and two provinces(Shandong and Shaanxi), we recruited 320 healthy adolescents aged 14 – 18 years and in two-parent families. The students′time for physical activity of various intensity during previous one week were determined with ActiGraph WGT3 X-BT threeaxis accelerometer and the information on students′ family sports environment were collected with a questionnaire survey self-administrated by the students′ parents. Results For the 314 adolescents with complete information, the weekly time(minutes) of sedentary behavior(SB), light-intensity physical activity(LPA), and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) were 5 016.33 ± 1 872.00, 338.03 ± 215.60, and 1 585.24 ± 896.22. The adolescents′ scores for familybased PA availability and accessibility were 12.62 ± 3.65 and 7.83 ± 3.52;the adolescents′ scores for parental PA modeling and encouragement were 15.69 ± 5.28 and 22.29 ± 6.62 and those for maternal PA modeling and encouragement were 16.74 ±4.11 and 8.64 ± 3.17, respectively. Compared to the adolescent girls, the adolescent boys had significantly higher weekly time of LPA and MLPA, higher scores for family-based PA availability and accessibility, and higher scores for parental and maternal PA modeling and encouragement(all P < 0.01) but lower score for SB. The results of the multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that: the major influential factors of SB included(1) family-based PA availability, maternal PA modeling and encouragement for all adolescents,(2) family-based PA availability, parental and maternal PA modeling,and maternal PA encouragement for adolescent boys, and(3) family-based PA availability and maternal PA encouragement for adolescent girls;the major influential factors of LPA were family-based PA availability and maternal PA encouragement for all adolescents and adolescent boys, and family-based PA availability and parental PA encouragement for adolescent girls;and major influential factors of MVPA included(1) family-based PA availability and maternal PA encouragement for all adolescents,(2) family-based PA availability and maternal PA modeling for adolescent boys, and(3) parental PA encouragement for adolescent girls, respectively. Conclusion The PA of urban adolescents is closely related to family-based PA environment and the social environment and the results should be concerned in promoting PA among adolescents.
作者
刘静民
侯筱
管健
李飞
王诚
吴茂芹
LIU Jing-min;HOU Xiao;GUAN Jian(Department of Physical Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;不详)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期1556-1561,共6页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学一般课题(BLA180218)。
关键词
身体活动
青少年
家庭体育环境
特征
影响
physical activity
adolescents
family sports environment
characteristics
influence
