摘要
以某型动力集中式动车组车体牵引梁为例,在拓扑优化时,以牵引梁的质量减小为约束条件,寻求柔度最小时的材料分布,重构牵引梁的结构形状;在几何尺寸优化时,以牵引梁的板厚减小和符合安全条件为约束条件,寻求牵引梁质量最小时的板厚,从而进行牵引梁在满足规范安全要求下最大程度地一体化减重优化设计;基于拓扑优化和几何尺寸优化,选择2种不同的牵引梁优化结构,分别选用常用材料Q345和Q460进行减重和应力对比,并将减重更多、选用材料与初始设计材料Q460相同的优化后牵引梁代入整车模型中,进行静强度和疲劳强度校核。结果表明:牵引梁前端的长度和弧形板的弧度是牵引梁优化设计的主要内容,增加前端的长度有利于结构的传力;进行一体化减重设计后的结构,较初始设计时减重最多可达50.9%,具有明显的减重效果,且减重优化后牵引梁Mises应力均满足要求;优化后的牵引梁结构满足BS EN 12663-1—2010和TB∕T 3548—2019标准规定的静强度和疲劳强度要求。
Taking the traction beam of a type of power concentrated EMU car body as an example,in topology optimization,the material distribution with the minimum flexibility was sought and the structural shape of the traction beam was reconstructed with the mass reduction of the traction beam as the constraint.In geometric size optimization,the thickness with the minimum mass of traction beam was sought under the constraints of reducing the traction beam thickness and meeting the safety conditions,so as to conduct the maximum degree of integrated weight reduction optimization design for traction beam with meeting the safety requirements of the specification.By topology and geometric size optimization,two different traction beam structures were selected.The commonly used materials of Q345 and Q460 were respectively used for weight reduction and stress comparison.Then,the optimized traction beam with more weight loss and the same material as the initial design material Q460 was applied to the vehicle model for static and fatigue strength check.The results indicate that the length of the front end of the traction beam and the radian of the arc plate are the main contents for the optimization design of the traction beam.Increasing the length of the front end is beneficial to the force transmission of the structure.After the integrated weight reduction design,the weight of the structure can be reduced by up to 50.9% in comparison to the initial design,which reveals obvious weight reduction effect.The Mises stress of the traction beam after weight reduction optimization meets the strength requirements.The structure of the optimized traction beam meets the requirements for the static strength and fatigue strength specified in the standards of BS EN 12663-1—2010 and TB∕T 3548—2019.
作者
柳占宇
于德壮
李加瑞
王艺飞
张昭
LIU Zhanyu;YU Dezhuang;LI Jiarui;WANG Yifei;ZHANG Zhao(CRRC Dalian Co.,Ltd.,Dalian Liaoning 116022,China;State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024,China)
出处
《中国铁道科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期122-129,共8页
China Railway Science
基金
辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2019-KF-05-07)。
关键词
拓扑优化
几何尺寸优化
动力集中动车组
牵引梁
减重优化设计
Topology optimization
Geometric size optimization
Power concentrated EMU
Traction beam
Weight reduction optimization design
