摘要
热不稳定性成分是中药及天然产物活性物质的重要基础,屠呦呦在经历多次试验失败后最终采用低温冷浸的方法成功获得抗疟神药青蒿素。传统热提取方法有着容易导致化学成分热降解、有机溶剂消耗大、环境污染较为严重等缺点。因此,开发非热提取技术对推动中药物质基础研究与绿色制造尤为重要,包括超临界流体提取、机械化学辅助提取、超声辅助提取、高压脉冲电场提取、高静压提取、真空提取以及不同技术相耦合的非热提取技术。使用新技术可以提高传质速率,降低细胞通透性,加快次生代谢物的扩散,降低能耗、缩短操作时间、提高提取率,并且对热敏感结构得以保存。除超临界流体提取技术被简述外,本文逐一对上述其余非热提取技术的技术原理、技术特点术以及在中药或天然产物热不稳定活性成分提取方面的研究进展进行综述,为中药提取与制药新工艺、新技术、新设备的开发研究提供参考。
Thermolabile components account for indispensable fraction of active substance in Chinese medicinal and natural products.After multiple experiments and failures,TU Youyou made breakthrough in the discovery of anti-malarial drugartemisinin by soaking Qinghao with cold water and a low boiling point solvent.Conventional thermal extraction has several demerits including causing pyrolytic degradation of thermolabile components,environment pollution and large consumption of organic solvents.Therefore,the development of non-thermal extraction technologies is particularly important to promoting the basic research and green manufacturing of Chinese medicine,which includes supercritical fluids extraction,mechanochemical assisted extraction,ultrasound assisted extraction,high intensity pulsed electric fields extraction,high hydrostatic pressure extraction,vacuum extraction and coupled extraction technologies.Using these technologies can facilitate the matrix transfer rate,reduce cellular permeability,accelerate the diffusion of secondary metabolites,reduce energy consumption,shorten operation time,increase extraction rate and preserve thermolabile structures.This study literally introduced the properties of non-thermal extraction technologies besides the most intensively discussed supercritical fluids extraction,it also reviewed the research progress in the extraction of thermolabile ingredients from Chinese medicinal and natural products.Hopefully,this study would provide guidance of novel process,novel manufacturing technology and novel equipment for the pharmaceutical industry of Chinese medicinal.
作者
游越
杨菁菁
姜壮壮
赵阳
陶丽
YOU Yue;YANG Jingjing;JIANG Zhuangzhuang;ZHAO Yang;TAO Li(College of Medicine,Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009,China)
出处
《中医药学报》
CAS
2021年第12期117-121,共5页
Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81803782)
扬州大学大学生科研创新基金项目(X20190750)。
关键词
非热提取技术
热不稳定化合物
机械化学辅助提取
超声辅助提取
高压脉冲电场提取
超高压提取
真空提取
Non-thermal extraction technologies
Thermolabile compounds
Mechanochemical assisted extraction
Ultrasound assisted extraction
High intensity pulsed electric fields extraction
High hydrostatic pressure extraction
Vacuum extraction
