摘要
东亚和东南亚曾是历史上广泛种植糯稻的区域,糯米也一度成为这些地区部分族群的主食,并在此基础上形成了内涵丰富的"糯稻文化圈"。本文以文化圈和文化传播为视角,对"糯稻文化圈"的形成和变迁从时间和空间上进行了梳理,认为,7000余年前,起源于我国长江中下游的栽培稻极有可能以糯稻为主,之后,随着百越族群和苗蛮族群的不断迁徙,糯稻也逐渐传播到东南亚、朝鲜半岛和日本列岛等地区,渐成为当地一些居民种植的主要粮食作物,在此过程中也促进了其稻作文化的生成与发展,不同国家和地区的民族亦因糯的种植和食用共享着相同或相类的文化事象和价值理念。大约从15世纪后,因人口流动及政治、经济、文化、价值观念等原因,糯稻种植在许多国家和地区不断萎缩,与之相关的社会文化亦不断消隐。作为一种农作物,糯稻种植兼具生物性和社会文化性双重意涵,而"糯稻文化圈"在东亚、东南亚等国家和地区的日益式微,更让我们体悟到文明互鉴与"人类命运共同体"的重要意义。对"糯稻栽培圈"的再研究,不仅能够拓展"文化圈"理论范式的研究空间,深化认识不同国家和民族历史时期的交往交流与交融,而且在全球化背景下,对如何构筑人类命运共同体亦能提供实证性的范例。
East Asia and Southeast Asia used to be the regions where glutinous rice was widely cultivated in history,and glutinous rice had once become the staple food of some ethnic groups in these regions,which has resulted in forming of a rich"glutinous rice cultural circle".From the perspective of cultural circle and cultural communication,this paper reviews the formation and changes of"glutinous rice cultural circle"in time and space.The article proposes that the cultivated rice originated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River over 7,000 years ago was highly possible to be dominated by glutinous rice.While later,with the continuous migration of Baiyue ethnic group and Miaoman ethnic group,glutinous rice gradually spread to Southeast Asia,the Korean Peninsula and Japanese archipelago and becoming the main grain plants in those regions.In this process,it also promoted the production and development of rice culture.Ethnic groups in different countries and regions also share the same or similar cultural images and values because of the glutinous rice planting and consumption.Since about the 15 th century,due to population mobility,politics,economy,culture,values and other reasons,glutinous rice cultivation has been shrinking in many countries and regions,and the related social culture has been disappearing.As a kind of crop,glutinous rice planting has both biological and social cultural implications.The declining of"glutinous rice cultural circle"in East Asia,Southeast Asia and other countries and regions makes us realize the significance of mutual learning of civilizations and"community with shared future for mankind".The restudy of"glutinous rice cultivation circle"can not only expand the research space of the theoretical paradigm of"cultural circle",deepen the understanding of the exchanges,communications and integration of different countries and ethnic groups in history,but also provide an empirical example of how to build a community with shared future for mankind in the context of globalization.
作者
杨筑慧
YANG Zhu-hui(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期60-72,共13页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金冷门绝学和国别史专项项目“南方民族糯稻文化与文明互鉴研究”(项目编号:19VJX144)的阶段性成果。
关键词
糯稻文化圈
南方民族
东亚
东南亚
文明互鉴
glutinous rice culture circle
southern ethnic groups
East Asia
Southeast Asia
civilization and mutual learning
