摘要
集体法益必须是一种真实的生活利益,而非生活利益被保护后所呈现出的表象状态,所以对集体法益的保护并非对所谓的"公共安全""社会秩序"等表象状态的保护。对社会整体的高效运转具有重要价值的社会制度以及为人类基本的社会生活提供可能的生态环境才是集体法益的主要组成部分。原则上只有累积危险行为被普遍实施,才会损害集体法益的功能,因此,集体法益的刑法保护路径应以禁止可侵害集体法益的累积危险行为为主。不过,基于刑法的谦抑性要求,并非所有的累积危险行为都需要被纳入刑事处罚范围。实践中,立法机关应控制刑事立法在规制集体法益犯罪上的恣意扩张,其重点在于,确保立法保护目的的合理性和明确性,并确保立法所规制的对象属于累积危险行为。司法机关应矫正刑事司法在处罚集体法益犯罪上的异化现象。集体法益还原论的路径存在瑕疵,保证所制裁的行为属于立法所规制的累积危险行为才是矫正司法异化现象的关键。
Collective legal interest must be a real life interest, not the apparent state or situation that appears after life interest is damaged. Therefore, the protection of collective legal interest is not the protection of the so-called “public safety”, “social order” and other apparent states. Various social systems that are of great value to the normal and efficient operation of society, as well as environmental legal interests that provide the possibility of human basic social life, are the subjects of collective legal interests. In principle, only the widespread implementation of cumulative dangerous behaviors can damage the function of collective legal interests. Therefore, the criminal law protection path of collective legal interests is mainly to prohibit cumulatively dangerous action against collective legal interests. However, based on the consideration of the modest nature of the criminal law, not all cumulatively dangerous actions need to be included in the scope of criminal punishment. In practice, to control the arbitrary expansion of criminal legislation on collective legal interest crimes, it is important to ensure that the legislative purpose is reasonable and clear, and that the objects of legislation are cumulatively dangerous actions. To correct the alienation phenomenon in the identification of collective legal interest crimes, the reductionism of collective legal interest is questionable. It is the key to ensure that the behavior of the perpetrator belongs to the cumulatively dangerous action that the legislation intends to regulate.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期111-132,共22页
Law and Social Development
关键词
集体法益
社会制度
自然环境
累积危险行为
Collective Legal Interest
Social System
Natural Environment
Cumulatively Dangerous Action
