摘要
目的通过分析我国东中西部老年人的健康现状、健康相关行为与健康需求, 了解不同区域老年人的健康体验情况, 以期探索高效医疗服务模式, 优化医疗资源配置。方法利用北京大学"中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查"研究项目2008年至2018年的数据库, 采用中位数描述就医距离的集中趋势, χ2检验比较东中西部地区老年人的健康现状、健康相关行为与健康需求, 线性关系检验分析不良健康现状、负性健康行为与健康需求的时间分布趋势。结果 49 611名研究对象中, 7 881人自评健康程度差, 19 445人自评近期健康状况变差, 14 954人缺乏常规体检, 35 141人缺乏体育锻炼, 8 178人吸烟, 7 859人饮酒, 35 814人所在社区未提供保健教育服务, 35 676人有保健教育需求, 2 637人缺乏足够医疗服务。老年人健康现状、健康相关行为与健康需求在东中西部地区的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), 不良健康现状、负性健康行为与健康需求具有线性的时间分布趋势(P<0.05), 东中西部地区就医距离中位数分别是1.02km、1.00km与1.56 km, 农村高于城市。结论我国老年人健康现状有待进一步改善, 负性健康行为占比高, 中西部老年人健康需求大。在中西部地区推行主动医疗服务模式, 加强医疗机构与社区的联动, 将有助于满足健康需求并提高医疗资源利用率。
Objective To investigate the health status,health-related behaviors and health needs of elderlies in eastern,central and western China and to understand their health experience,for exploring an efficient medical service model,and optimizing allocation of medical resources.Methods This study used the 2008-2018 database from Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey organized by Peking University.It described the concentration trend of medical distance by median,compared the health status,health-related behaviors and health needs of the elderly in eastern,central and western China byχ2 tests,and analyzed time-distribution trends of the poor health status,negative health behaviors and health needs by linear relation test.Results Among 49611 subjects included in the study,7881 of them self-evaluated their health status as poor,19445 evaluated their recent health status as deteriorated,while 14954 lack routine physical examination,35141 lack physical exercise,8178 smoked,7859 drunk,35814 had no access to health education services in their communities,35676 expressed their health education needs,and 2637 lack adequate medical services.The difference of distribution of health status,health-related behaviors and health needs of the elderly in eastern,central and western China was statistically significant(P<0.05).The health status,negative health behaviors and health needs of the elderly in 2008-2018 presented a linear time distribution trend(P<0.05),while the overall medical distance in eastern,central and western China was 1.02 km,1.00 km and 1.56 km respectively,and the medical distance in the rural area further than that in the urban areas.Conclusions The health status of the elderly in China needed to be further improved,the proportion of negative health behaviors was high,and the health needs of the elderly in central and western China were large.Promoting an active medical service mode in central and western China,strengthening the interactions between medical institutions and residential communities will contribute to health needs fulfillment and medical resource utilization.
作者
钟慧翔
陈晓红
邓活清
赵娜
王莹
于磊
杨进
张艳丽
Huixiang Zhong;Xiaohong Chen;Huoqing Deng;Na Zhao;Ying Wang;Lei Yu;Jin Yang;Yanli Zhang(Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics,Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510800,China;Research Department of Hospital Evaluation,Institute of Hospital Management,National Health Commission,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Endocrinology,Third Hospital of Peking University,Beijing 100044,China)
出处
《中华医院管理杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期724-729,共6页
Chinese Journal of Hospital Administration
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0114506)。
