摘要
通过膜分离技术把以稻壳为原料的粗木醋液分离成木醋精制液,通过大田小区试验,研究氮肥减施20%和40%条下木醋精制液浸种处理对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响,以期为农林废弃物资源化利用和氮肥减施增效提供参考。结果表明,不施氮肥(0%N)和减氮20%(80%N)处理均显著降低玉米植株生物量和子粒产量,但是80%N配合木醋精制液浸种处理(80%N+M)玉米产量与常规施肥(100%N)处理无显著差异。氮肥减施40%时,即使木醋精制液浸种处理也会造成产量显著降低。在大喇叭口期,80%N+M处理下玉米叶片硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶活性显著高于100%N处理,而在灌浆期两个处理间无显著差异。80%N处理显著降低了玉米植株氮转运率以及氮转运对子粒氮的贡献率,但是80%N+M处理与100%N无显著差异。此外,吐丝期和收获期,与100%N相比,80%N+M处理可显著提高氮肥利用率。综上,通过木醋精制液浸种可实现夏玉米氮肥减施20%不减产,并且提高氮肥利用率。
This study used membrane separation technology to separate crude wood vinegar from rice husks into wood vinegar refined solution.Through field plot trials,the effect of soaking seeds in refined wood vinegar solution with 20%and 40%reduced nitrogen fertilizer on maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency was studied.The research results will provide references for the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.The results showed that no nitrogen fertilizer(0%N)and 20%nitrogen reduction(80%N)treatments significantly reduced maize plant biomass and grain yield.However there was no significant difference in maize yield between 80%N combined with wood vinegar refined solution soaking seeds treatment(80%N+M)and conventional fertilization(100%N).When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 40%,the yield was significantly reduced even if the seed soaking with wood vinegar refined solution.In the big flare period,the activities of nitrate reductase,glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase of maize leaves under the 80%N+M treatment were significantly higher than those under the 100%N treatment.However,there was no significant difference between the two treatments at the grain filling stage.The 80%N treatment significantly reduced the nitrogen translocation efficiency of maize plants and its contribution rate to grain nitrogen content.However,there was no significant difference between 80%N+M treatment and 100%N treatment.In addition,compared with 100%N,80%N+M treatment could significantly improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in the silking and harvest periods.In summary,soaking seeds with the refined wood vinegar could reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application of summer maize by 20%without reducing the yield,and increase the nitrogen utilization rate.
作者
王泽平
王祎
朱学强
李芳
李青松
杨艳霞
韩燕来
WANG Zeping;WANG Yi;ZHU Xueqiang;LI Fang;LI Qingsong;YANG Yanxia;HAN Yanlai(College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiping County, Xiping 463900, China)
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2021年第6期1045-1051,共7页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300706)
河南省科技攻关项目(182102310870)。
关键词
木醋精制液
玉米
产量
氮肥利用率
refined wood vinegar solution
maize
yield
nitrogen use efficiency
