摘要
针对汽车乘员舱热环境测试方法过于复杂、热舒适性评价方法实用性不强的问题,提出了车内亚稳态热环境的简化测试方案和驾驶员热舒适性评价方法。使用热舒适度测试仪实测了各季节驾驶员头部、胸腹部和脚部的环境参数,并对驾驶员进行热感觉预测。招募45位受试者进行主观热感觉调查作为热感觉实际值,确定了整体热感觉的最佳测量代表点。比较整体热感觉的预测值和实际值,提出期望因子(expectancy factor)和自适应系数(adaptive coefficient)两种修正方法。结果表明,头部是整体热感觉的最佳测量代表点。预计平均投票(Predicted Mean Vote,PMV)在热中性时能较好地预测整体热感觉,秋季预测结果较准确无需修正,夏、冬季由于热适应性都会产生误差。夏季期望因子和自适应系数分别为0.64和0.21,冬季分别为0.71和-0.52。计算值与参考值近似,修正后预测误差显著降低。研究结果可为汽车亚稳态热环境简化测试和驾驶员热舒适性评价提供参考。
Due to the complexity of the thermal environment test method and the poor practicability of the thermal comfort evaluation method for a vehicle passenger compartment,a simplified test plan to assess the metastable thermal environment and a driver’s thermal comfort evaluation method were proposed.The environmental parameters around the driver’s head,chest and feet were measured in each season by the instrument for thermal comfort,and the driver’s thermal sensation was predicted.45 volunteers were recruited to conduct a subjective thermal sensation survey for obtaining the actual values of thermal sensation,and the best measurement points for overall thermal sensation were selected.The predicted values and the actual values of overall thermal sensation were compared,and both the expectancy factor and adaptive coefficient were applied for correction.The results show that the point over the head is the best measurement point.The predicted mean vote(PMV) can better predict the neutral thermal sensation and the prediction results in autumn are accurate without correction.Due to the thermal adaptation,the prediction errors occur in summer and winter.The expectancy factor and adaptive coefficient are 0.64 and 0.21 respectively in summer and 0.71 and-0.52 respectively in winter.The calculated values are close to the reference values and the prediction errors can be significantly reduced after correction.The research results provide a reference for the simplified test of the metastable thermal environment in automobiles and the evaluation of the driver’s thermal comfort.
作者
章明超
邹佳庆
周健
邹钺
ZHANG Mingchao;ZOU Jiaqing;ZHOU Jian;ZOU Yue(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Technology Center,SAIC Motor,Shanghai 201804,China)
出处
《汽车工程学报》
2022年第1期64-74,共11页
Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering
关键词
热舒适
亚稳态
热适应性
温度频率法
汽车乘员舱
thermal comfort
metastable
thermal adaptation
Bin method
passenger compartment
