摘要
【目的】研究加气频率和灌水量对云南冬马铃薯的生长、产量和品质的影响,以期获得高产优质的灌溉制度。【方法】采用水气分离的方法对冬马铃薯进行加气灌溉,试验设置3个灌溉水平W1(100%ETC)、W2(80%ETC)、W3(60%ETC),加气频率设置3个水平D1(1 d)、D2(5 d)、D3(7 d),共9个处理,在各生育期对马铃薯生长、产量和品质等指标进行观测,分析了不同水气灌溉处理对马铃薯各指标的影响规律。【结果】加气频率和灌水量对马铃薯的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、产量都有显著影响(P<0.05),D2、D3加气频率下W1处理的株高、叶面积指数、商品薯质量、产量都大于W2、W3处理。在D1加气频率下,W2处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和产量都显著大于W1处理和W3处理,W2处理下的产量为44 522 kg/hm^(2),比W1、W3处理分别高9.28%和13.9%。D1处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、商品薯质量和产量都显著大于D2、D3处理(P<0.05)。在W2灌溉水平下,D1处理的产量最高为44 522 kg/hm^(2),比D2、D3处理分别高20.0%和28.8%。D1W1(高频高水)处理下的块茎淀粉和维生素C的质量分数最大,还原糖质量分数最小,分别为16.6%、20.8 mg/100g、0.53%。【结论】从生长和产量来看,D1W2(1 d,80%ETC)处理最优,从品质来看,D1W1(1 d,100%ETC)处理最优。
【Objective】Fine-texture soils are prone to hypoxia making soil toxic for crops to growth.Mixing irrigation water with air bubbles to aerate the root-zone soil is one solution.The purpose of this paper is to elucidate how aeration frequency and drip irrigation amount combine to affect the yield and quality of winter potato in Yunnan province,China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field,and we compared three irrigation amounts calculated based on the potential evapotranspiration(ETC):100%(W1),80%(W2) and 60%(W3) of ETC.Each irrigation amount was associated with three aeration frequencies:1 day(D1),5 days(D5) and 7 days(D7).In each treatment,we measured the growth traits,yield and quality of the potato at different growing stages to analyze the combined impact of irrigation amount and aeration frequency.【Result】Aeration frequency and irrigation amount impacted the height,stem diameter,leaf area index and yield of the crop significantly(P<0.05).A moderate aeration frequency(D2 and D3) combined with sufficient irrigation(W1) improved height,leaf area index,commercial yield more than other treatments,while high aeration frequency(D1) combined with a moderate deficit irrigation(W2)was more beneficial to crop growth and tuber yield(44 522 kg/hm^(2)),increasing by 9.28% and 13.9% than the combination of D1 with W1 and W3 respectively.Overall,increasing aeration frequency improved plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,and commercial tuber yield.When combining D1 with a moderate deficit irrigation(W2),the yield was 44 522 kg/hm^(2),20.0% and 28.8% higher than that of combining D2 and D3 with W2.Combination of D1 and W1 gave the highest mass fractions of starch and vitamin C and the lowest mass fraction of reduced sugar,which were 16.6%,20.8 mg/100 g and 0.53% respectively.【Conclusion】In terms of growth and yield,D1+W2 was optimal,while in terms of potato quality,D1+W1 was superior to other treatments.The results of our study can be used as a guidance to optimize irrigation and soil aeration for winter potato production in Yunnan province.
作者
高兰兰
李爽
刘杨梅
GAO Lanlan;LI Shuang;LIU Yangmei(Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650000,China;Power China Kunming Corporation Engineering Limited,Kunming 650000,China;Yunnan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期1-9,共9页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
云南省农业基础联合专项青年项目(2018FG001-107)。
关键词
马铃薯
加气频率
灌水量
产量
品质
potato
aeration frequency
irrigation amount
yield
tuber quality
