摘要
为建立适宜的橡胶园间作模式,探索珠芽魔芋(Amorphophallus bulbifer)胶园间作的最佳密度,笔者研究了在常规和宽窄行胶园中珠芽魔芋种植密度对珠芽魔芋的叶形态指标、叶面球茎数量及植株倒伏率、地下球茎的氮磷钾积累量及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,宽窄行比常规胶园更适合珠芽魔芋间作;宽窄行胶园、常规胶园的适宜间作密度分别为40020、33345株·hm^(−2)。胶园类型对珠芽魔芋生长的影响效应比种植密度对珠芽魔芋生长的影响更大。常规胶园中各密度处理对珠芽魔芋叶形态指标、地下球茎产量、品质指标的影响不显著,珠芽魔芋对氮磷钾含量及吸收量影响随密度变化而变化。宽窄行胶园中,珠芽魔芋种植密度越低,植株越矮、叶柄越粗、叶盘越大、叶面球茎数量越多、抗倒伏能力也越强。与常规胶园相比,宽窄行胶园中的珠芽魔芋植株粗矮,叶面球茎繁殖系数增加,抗倒伏能力增强,地下球茎的膨大系数、单个球茎质量、单位产量、品质均有所提高,地下球茎的氮磷钾含量降低,但吸收量有所增加。这些结果显示宽窄行比常规胶园更利于间作珠芽魔芋,可促进珠芽魔芋的产量、品质及抗倒伏、叶面球茎繁殖能力的提高。
In order to establish an appropriate intercropping pattern and explore the suitable intercropping density of Amorphophallus bulbifer in rubber plantations,Amorphophallus bulbifer was planted as an intercrop at different densities in conventional and paired row rubber plantations to observe the effects of planting density of A.bulbifer on leaf morphological indexes,the number of bulbils of the leaves and plant lodging rate,the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in corms,yield and quality of the corms in the rubber plantations.The results showed that the paired row rubber plantation was more suitable for intercropping with A.bulbifer than conventional rubber plantation,and that the suitable planting densities of A.bulbifer intercropped in the rubber plantations were 40020 and 33345 plants/ha,respectively.Planting systems of the rubber plantations had a greater effect on the growth of the intercrop A.bulbifer than the planting density of the intercrop.The planting density of the intercrop in the conventional rubber plantation had no significant effect on the leaf morphological index,and the corm yield and quality,but its effects on the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and absorption varied with the change of planting density of the intercrop in the conventional rubber plantation.In the paired row rubber plantation,the lower the planting density,the shorter the plant,the thicker the petiole,the larger the leaf disc,the more the number of bulbils of the leaves,and the stronger the plant lodging resistance.In the paired row rubber plantation,the plant was shorter with thicker petiole,and was higher in propagation coefficient of the bulbils of the leaves,plant lodging resistance,corm enlargement coefficient,weight of single corm,and corm yield and quality,while the contents of N,P and K in corms were decreased but with slightly higher absorption,as compared to those in the conventional rubber plantation.These results showed that intercropping of A.bulbifer is much better in the paired row rubber plantation than in the conventional rubber plantation,which is more conducive to improvement of corm yield and quality,lodging resistance,and propagation of bulbils of the leaves of A.bulbifer.
作者
李娟
涂寒奇
王秀全
LI Juan;TU Hanqi;WANG Xiuquan(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Danzhou National Field Observation and Research Station for Tropical Agro-ecosystem/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops,Danzhou,Hainan Province,571737,P.R.China)
出处
《热带生物学报》
2022年第1期81-87,共7页
Journal of Tropical Biology
基金
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630022020025)
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630022019005)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-33-YZ4)。
关键词
胶园类型
珠芽魔芋
间作
种植密度
planting system of rubber plantation
Amorphophallus bulbifer
intercropping
planting density
