摘要
宽苗带冬小麦种植和肥料分层施用技术具有较好的应用推广价值,为了促进农艺农机融合,设计了一款宽苗带冬小麦分层施肥播种联合作业机,以及一套与其配套使用的精量排肥/排种控制系统。首先确定了联合作业机的整体架构,并对其限深机构、三点悬挂机构等进行重点设计,其中限深机构的支架安装倾角设置为15°,使限深轮旋转中心与旋耕机构刀轴旋转中心的水平间距增大115 mm,以避免前抛土块或秸秆对限深机构正常滚动的影响,另将传统三点悬挂机构上悬挂点由球形副变换为移动副,使种肥分层投送机构的纵向横梁时刻与地面平行;然后开发了精量排肥/排种控制系统,确定了嵌入式主机、液压马达电控驱动模块等关键硬件的选型方案,设计了嵌入式主机的操作软件界面,使联合作业机能够精准控制深、浅层肥和种子的排量;最后对联合作业机主要技术参数、旋耕深度等15项指标进行检测,试验结果表明,联合作业机所测指标均满足规定的性能要求,能够满足田间的肥料分层施用、宽苗带播种农艺技术要求。
Wide-boundary sowing pattern of winter wheat and base-fertilizer separated layer application technology have good value for extension and application.In order to promote the integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery,a winter wheat separated layer fertilization-sowing planter combined machine and a set of precision fertilizer-seed metering control system matched with the combined machine were developed.Firstly,the overall structure of combined machine was determined,and its layered delivery mechanism of seed and fertilize,depth limiting mechanism,three-point suspension mechanism and compacting mechanism were designed and elaborated.The installation angle of depth limiting mechanism was set to be 15°,and then the horizontal distances between material’s outlet orifice of layered delivery mechanism and the center of rotary tiller was increased by 115 mm,which could reduce the influence of soil and straw on the normal rolling of depth limiting mechanism.Moreover,the suspension point on the traditional three-point suspension mechanism was transformed from spherical pair to moving pair,which could keep the longitudinal beam of layered delivery mechanism parallel to the ground at all times,and then improve the stable seed and fertilizer delivery depth of the combined machine.Secondly,a set of precision fertilizer-seed metering control system matched with the combined machine were developed,and then the key hardware of control system,such as embedded host,electrical control model of hydraulic motor,attitude discrimination method of machine and driving speed analysis module were also determined.Moreover,the system control model was proposed and the operation software interface of embedded host was designed.The combined machine with precision fertilizer-seed metering control system could accurately control discharge of deep fertilizer,shallow fertilizer and seed.Finally,totally 15 indexes of the combined machine with precision fertilizer-seed metering control system were tested and evaluated by a third party inspection agency inspection.The test results showed that all technical indexes of the combined machine met the specified performance requirements,and the combined machine could satisfy agronomic and agricultural machinery technical requirements of rotary tillage,separated layer fertilizer application and wide-boundary sowing of winter wheat.
作者
祝清震
武广伟
朱志豪
张恒源
高原源
陈立平
ZHU Qingzhen;WU Guangwei;ZHU Zhihao;ZHANG Hengyuan;GAO Yuanyuan;CHEN Liping(School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Information Technology Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Intelligent Equipment Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期25-35,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600、2016YFD0200601)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20210776)。
关键词
冬小麦
宽苗带播种
分层施肥
控制系统
winter wheat
wide-boundary sowing
separated layer fertilization
control system
