摘要
脱贫攻坚战的打赢使贫困治理的目光转向缓解相对贫困,脱贫人口与相对贫困人口的重合性决定了集中连片特困地区仍将是我国解决贫困问题的主战场。以大别山区的新县和黄土高原地区的延长县为例,以贫困发生率为因变量,从“人”、“业”、“地”3个维度选取自变量,综合运用空间自相关和地理探测器等方法,解析不同地理环境下贫困空间分异模式与作用机制。结果表明:大别山区贫困空间集聚为点状和团块状相间分布为主,黄土高原地区则以团块状为主。大别山区“地”和“业”2个维度对空间贫困作用显著,黄土高原地区则“人”、“业”、“地”3个维度相对均衡。承载空间“地”的资源丰度带来的生存压力不同两地贫困形成机制的差异所在,黄土高原地区基于足够的生存资源,在相对封闭的空间中形成3个维度的负向循环累积,而大别山区在资源匮乏作用下,个体生存理性抉择下选择外出务工,从而打破贫困累积的循环。
With the success of the fight against poverty,the focus of poverty governance has shifted to relative poverty.The overlap between the absolute and relatively poor shows that concentrated contiguous areas with extreme poverty will remain the main battlefield for China to solve the poverty problem.The causes and mechanisms of poverty of poor farmers in different natural geographical environments are quite different.Analyzing and comparing rural poverty-causing factors and differentiation mechanisms under the same scale and different geographical environments can more clearly show the outstanding problems of regional poverty and the common problems of comprehensive regional poverty.Taking the Xinxian County of Dabie Mountains and Yanchang County of the Loess Plateau as examples,taking the incidence of poverty as the dependent variable,selecting independent variables from the three dimensions of“person,origin,and land”comprehensively using spatial autocorrelation,geographic detectors,and other methods to analyze the characteristics and mechanism of the spatial differentiation of poverty in different geographical environments.The results are as follows.(1)The spatial agglomeration of poverty in the Dabie Mountains is mainly distributed in dots and clumps,whereas the Loess Plateau is mainly distributed in clumps.The level of spatial poverty agglomeration in the Loess Plateau is significantly higher than that in the Dabie Mountains.(2)The two dimensions of“land”and“industry”in the Dabie Mountains significantly affect spatial poverty,whereas the three dimensions of“people,industry,and land”in the Loess Plateau are relatively balanced.However,the incidence of poverty in the Loess Plateau is lower than that in the Dabie Mountains,indicating that the occurrence of spatial poverty is independent of the dimensions of poverty-causing factors,but more importantly,its mode and depth of action.(3)The distance to the county center ranks first in the determinative power of each factor in the Dabie Mountains and Loess Plateau,with 0.179 and 0.198,respectively.Additionally,the total population of the village in the Dabie Mountains(0.124),distance from the township government(0.070),and proportion of migrant workers’income in the income structure(0.070)are the main influencing factors.In the Loess Plateau region,the proportion of children under 15 years old(0.162),the proportion of crop income in the income structure(0.159),per capita net income(0.159),and the proportion of primary school education or above(0.140)are the main impact factors.(4)The difference in subsistence pressure brought about by the abundance of“land”resources in the carrying space is the source of the difference in poverty formation mechanisms between the two places.The Loess Plateau has formed a three-dimensional negative circulation accumulation in a relatively closed space based on sufficient living resource.However,the Dabie Mountains area is under the effect of lack of resources,and individual survival rationally chooses to go out to work;thus,breaking the cycle of accumulation of poverty.
作者
孙健武
高军波
马志飞
喻超
张欣怡
SUN Jianwu;GAO Junbo;MA Zhifei;YU Chao;ZHANG Xinyi(School of Geographic Sciences,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;School of Tourism,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;The Center of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization,Xinyang Normal University,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China)
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期650-659,共10页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U1904125)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18YJA840003)
信阳师范学院研究生科研创新基金项目(2020KYJJ37)资助。
关键词
空间自相关
地理探测器
大别山区
黄土高原
spatial autocorrelation
geographic setector
Dabie Mountains
Loess Plateau
