摘要
以CO催化加氢、催化羰基化和甲醇催化脱水等反应为核心的碳一化工技术,是煤气化为基础的现代煤化工产业的关键技术,近10 a来工业化应用取得重大成功,已经成为煤炭清洁高效利用的主要途径。但煤炭既是原料,又是转化过程热能和动力能的转化燃料,使得现代煤化工产业的碳排放量大又集中,具有局部强排放特征。从原料低碳化,转化热能和动力清洁化,热催化工艺和催化剂创新,反应产物高选择以及CO_(2)光电催化转化技术等方面入手,探讨了在碳达峰、碳中和双碳模式下,碳一化工技术的发展趋势和前景。随着清洁新能源大规模低成本“绿氢”制备技术的发展,也将促使逆水汽变换或电催化CO_(2)还原为“绿CO”大规模应用,将使碳一化工合成气原料发生巨大变化,由目前高碳的化石能源进行的CO水汽变换制氢的过程,向清洁新能源“绿氢”的CO_(2)逆水汽变换制备“绿CO”过渡,即碳一化工原料合成气的变化将由化石能源制备的合成气“CO+H_(2)”,向低碳排放“CO+绿H_(2)”或负碳排放的“绿CO+绿H_(2)”发展,以实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。采用近零碳排放的光电和风电等可再生清洁能源取代碳一化工过程中现有的燃煤锅炉,以及通过优化设计,采用新型节能减排措施和行业间的技术耦合,降低能源消耗等,也是减排CO_(2)实现“碳达峰碳中和”的有效措施。
The carbon-one chemical technology with the core of catalytic hydrogenation of CO,catalytic carbonylation and catalytic dehydration of methanol is a key technology of the modern coal chemical industry based on coal gasification.In the past decade,it has achieved great success in industrial application and has become the main way of clean and efficient utilization of coal.However,coal is not only a raw material,but also a fuel for the heat and power of the conversion process,which makes the carbon dioxide emissions in the modern coal chemical industry large and concentrated,with the characteristics of local strong emission.From the aspects of the low-carbon raw materials,the clean conversion of heat and power,innovation of thermal catalytic technology and catalysts,high selectivity of reaction products,and photo/electrocatalytic conversion technology of CO_(2),the development trend and prospects of carbon-one chemical technology under the dual-carbon model of emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide were discussed.With the development of clean new energy large-scale and low-cost"green hydrogen"preparation technology,reverse water-gas shift reaction or electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction will be promoted to the"green CO"large-scale application.It will make a huge change in the carbon-one chemistry syngas feedstock,from the currently CO reverse water gas shift reaction to hydrogen by high-carbon fossil energy,to the CO_(2) inverse water gas shift reaction by the new clean"green hydrogen".That is,the change of syngas from"CO+H_(2)"prepared by fossil energy sources towards"CO+green H_(2)"with low carbon emissions or"green CO+green H 2"with negative carbon emissions,in order to achieve the goal of emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide.The adoption of renewable clean energy sources such as near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic and wind power to replace the existing coal-fired boilers in the carbon-one chemistry,as well as the adoption of new energy-saving and emission reduction measures and inter-industry technology coupling to reduce energy consumption through optimal design,are also effective measures to reduce CO_(2) emissions to achieve emission peak and neutrality of carbon dioxide.
作者
李忠
张鹏
孟凡会
付廷俊
范辉
LI Zhong;ZHANG Peng;MENG Fanhui;FU Tingjun;FAN Hui(State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Technology Center,Sedin Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030032,China)
出处
《洁净煤技术》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第1期1-11,共11页
Clean Coal Technology
基金
山西省重点研发计划(国际科技合作)资助项目(201803D421011)。
关键词
双碳模式
碳一化工
合成气转化
甲醇转化
碳排放
dual-carbon model
carbon-one chemistry
syngas conversion
methanol conversion
carbon dioxide emissions
