摘要
包含唯一性、连续性、正当性三个标准的王朝正统观念,是在两汉时期逐渐形成和确立的。汉代的正统观主要表现在对秦的历史定位上,在守冢安排、纪年以及帝王称谓的变化中呈现出从无到有、从无意识到有意识的发展过程。五德终始说并未被秦和汉初的朝廷所采用,秦用水德之说是汉儒为支持革除秦政的主张而构拟出来的。汉廷在太初改历时定汉为土德,才正式承认秦为水德,确立起秦汉相承的王朝统绪。西汉末年,刘歆将秦列入"闰位",为五德终始说加入道义因素,从而明确了正当性标准,奠定了正统观在后世的基本形态。
The concept of dynastic orthodoxy, which includes the three criteria of uniqueness, continuity, and legitimacy, was formed and established during the Han dynasty.The orthodox view of the Han dynasty is mainly manifested in the historical positioning of Qin.In the arrangement of guarding the mausoleums, the chronology and the changes in the title of the emperor, the orthodox view of the Han dynasty showed on a development process from unconscious to conscious.The theory of five elements was not adopted by the courts of Qin and early Western Han.The theory that Qin possessed the water element was constructed by Han Confucian scholars to support the idea of abolishing the policies of Qin.In the early days of the Han dynasty, the Han court confirmed that Han possessed the earth element, and only then formally recognized that Qin had the water element.At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xin put Qin in the“leap position”,thus adding morality to the theory of five elements, clarifying the standard of legitimacy, and establishing the basic form of orthodoxy in later generations.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期5-18,共14页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
教育部全国优秀博士论文作者专项资金资助项目“中国政治文化传统的形成与早期发展研究”(201311)
“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”项目。
关键词
秦
汉
正统观
五德
Qin
Han
Orthodox Concept
Five Elements
