摘要
随着海洋开发和海上运输的不断发展,海上溢油事故也频繁发生,严重污染海洋生态环境,危害海洋生物健康,并造成不可估量的经济损失,因此,开展海上溢油预测预警工作是非常必要的。本文综述了海面溢油模型、水下溢油模型及油—沙相互作用对溢油的影响。在海面溢油方面,主要介绍了Fay油膜扩展理论和在溢油漂移扩散过程中运用广泛的油粒子模型;当水下发生溢油时,油粒子输移扩散过程可分为喷发阶段、浮射羽流阶段和平流扩散阶段,油粒子模型能够模拟溢油在水中卷吸、扩散、上浮、蒸发、乳化和溶解等过程;然后简要介绍了模拟溢油输移扩散行为的油—沙悬浮物相互作用模型,为海上溢油预测及应急响应提供理论参考;最后本文总结了溢油预测预警系统总体架构均采用油粒子模型并具有模块化集成、可视化等特点,为相关海上溢油污染应急工作提供了技术支撑和参考依据。
With the continuous development of marine development and marine transportation,marine oil spill accidents also occur frequently,which seriously pollutes the marine ecological environment,endangers the health of marine organisms and causes immeasurable losses to the economy.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the prediction and early warning of marine oil spill.This paper reviews the effects of sea surface oil spill model,underwater oil spill model and oil-sediment interaction on oil spill.In terms of oil spill,this paper mainly introduces Fay oil film expansion theory and oil particle model which is widely used in the process of oil spill drift and diffusion.When oil spill occurs under water,the transport and diffusion process of oil particles can be divided into the eruption stage,the buoyant plume stage and the flow diffusion stage,which can simulate the entrainment,diffusion,floating,evaporation,emulsification and dissolution of oil spill in water.When some oil particles are dispersed and settled in water and mixed with suspended sediment,a new polymer is formed,and the trajectory of oil spill particles is changed.The oil-sand suspended sediment interaction model simulating the diffusion behavior of oil spill transportation is briefly introduced,which provides theoretical reference for oil spill prediction and emergency response.Finally,the overall architecture of oil spill prediction and early warning system is summarized,which adopts oil particle model and has the characteristics of modular integration and visualization,which provides technical support and reference for relevant marine oil spill pollution emergency work.
作者
鹿宏宇
蔡宇
宋军
郭俊如
LU Hongyu;CAI Yu;SONG Jun;GUO Junru(College of Ocean Technique and Environment,Ocean University of Dalian,Dalian 116023,China;Operational Oceanographic Institution,Ocean University of Dalian,Dalian 116023,China)
出处
《海洋技术学报》
2022年第1期46-56,共11页
Journal of Ocean Technology
基金
山东省重大科技创新工程资助项目(2019JZZY020713)
辽宁省教育厅资助项目(QL201905,DL202001,JL202006)
大连市科技创新基金资助项目(2020JJ27SN100)
大连市高层次人才创新支持计划资助项目(2020RQ113)。
关键词
海面溢油
水下溢油
油—沙相互作用
溢油预测预警系统
marine oil spill
underwater oil spill
oil-sediment interaction
oil spill prediction and model system
