摘要
自20世纪50年代以来,伊斯坦布尔阿亚马马河廊道因城市化发展不断退化。受全流域土地开发与气候变化的共同影响,洪水事件越发频繁,威胁着洪泛区中居民的生命财产安全。气候变化导致的极端降雨事件频率不断增加,且强度和持续时间都有所加剧,我们亟需采取措施降低易受损资产遭遇城市洪涝的风险。然而,伊斯坦布尔的开发密度极高且开放空间匮乏,既要为处于风险地区的建筑找到适宜的搬迁地点,又要为周边街区提供便利设施并非易事。已停用的阿塔图尔克机场或可提供机遇,帮助探究如何通过城市闲置地改造来提升城市的洪水适应能力。尽管当前的机场再开发方案提出要建设一个大型公园并添加全新的文化设施,但这一公园不仅缺乏能够与周边社区互动的基础设施,也难以帮助阿亚马马河应对严峻的环境挑战。本文提出了一种基于城市闲置地的“交换策略”,建议利用阿塔图尔克机场废弃场地来缓解阿亚马马河的开发压力。交换策略可在搬迁、复兴与再连接基础设施的同时,修复受损的洪泛区。随着气候变化影响的日益显著,这一城市发展的新概念期望推动规划师与设计师就废弃基础设施与大型城市闲置地的再利用达成共识,帮助减轻洪泛区的压力。同时由于搬迁距离短,该策略可在不降低搬迁居民生活质量及不影响企业生产活动的前提下,为河流修复项目提供空间。
The Ayamama River in Istanbul has been substantially degraded due to urbanization of the river corridor since the 1950s.Development throughout the watershed and climate change contribute to increasing severity of flash flooding events that threaten life and property in the floodplain.As the intensity,duration or frequency of extreme rainfall events continue to increase with climate change,it is imperative to reduce the risk of urban flooding to vulnerable assets.However,as Istanbul is a city famous for its density and lack of open space,finding suitable relocation sites for at-risk structures,while maintaining access to recreational amenities for the surrounding neighborhoods is a daunting task.The decommissioned Ataturk Airport provides a unique opportunity to re-imagine the utility of urban voids in helping cities adapt to increasing flood impacts.While the current airport redevelopment proposal includes the construction of a massive park and new cultural amenities,such a park lacks sufficient connective infrastructure to its surrounding neighborhoods and does little to alleviate the significant environmental challenges of its neighbor,the Ayamama River.In this paper,we explore the use of the decommissioned Ataturk Airport site to relieve development pressure from the Ayamama River by implementing a novel swap strategy for urban voids.The proposed swap strategy design methodology relocates,regenerates,and reconnects decommissioned infrastructures and degraded floodplains simultaneously.As the impacts of climate change become more prominent,this novel urban concept seeks to initiate a conversation amongst planners and designers around the use of decommissioned infrastructure and large-scale urban voids to help relieve pressure from urban floodplains.Meanwhile,it can make room for river restoration projects without decreasing the quality of life of relocated residents or negatively impacting relocated economic activities by identifying redevelopment sites in close proximity.
作者
凯利·莉兰妮·梅因
约德·马布苏
拉菲·西格尔
尼斯·道古森·亚历山大
奥利维亚·塞拉
穆格·科穆尔库
王颖(翻译)
张晨希(翻译)
Kelly Leilani MAIN;Joude MABSOUT;Nese DOGUSAN ALEXANDER;Rafi SEGAL;Olivia SERRA;Muge KOMURCU(Massachusetts Institute of Technology;Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning,University of California.Berkeley;不详)
出处
《景观设计学（中英文）》
CSCD
2021年第6期44-58,共15页
Landscape Architecture Frontiers
基金
诺尔曼·B·利文撒尔中心(先进都市主义方向)达尔集团城市种子基金项目。
关键词
城市洪水
气候适应
废弃基础设施
气候变化
河流修复
搬迁
适应性再利用
Urban Flooding
Climate Adaptation
Decommissioned Infrastructure
Climate Change
River Restoration
Relocation
Adaptive Reuse
