摘要
利用2017年4月—2018年4月在卧龙国家级自然保护区所获红外相机数据,分析水鹿(Rusa unicolor)与其所生活的地栖动物群落中其他物种的生态学关系,旨在探讨水鹿的群落环境。结果显示:(1)水鹿与羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)、林麝(Moschus berezovskii)、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)、川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)、黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)和豪猪(Hystrix brachyura)发生直接正关联。从关联物种数来看,水鹿是群落中积极物种之一,对维持群落稳定具有重要作用。(2)水鹿与多数物种的生态学关系是共享食物和生境类型。值得注意的是:水鹿与野猪、中华鬣羚、毛冠鹿存在偏利生态学关系,可能为这些物种的生存创造适宜生境。(3)随着虎(Panthera tigris)、豹(P.pardus)等大型捕食物种种群密度的下降或消失,以水鹿为代表的有蹄类在群落的物质和能量流动中失去部分生态学功能,失去制约。随着时间推移,群落可能会走向崩溃。因此,如何恢复中大型食肉物种在群落中的地位,将成为该群落继续生存的关键问题。
Based on the infrared camera data obtained from February 2017 to April 2018 in Wolong National Nature Reserve,China,the ecological relationship between sambars(Rusa unicolor)and other species in the terrestrial animal community was analyzed in order to explore the community environment of sambars.Results showed that sambars were positively associated with Budorcas taxicolor、Moschus berezovskii、Ailuropoda melanoleuca、Ailurus fulgens、Rhinopithecus roxellana、Martes flavigula、Sus scrofa、Elaphodus cephalophus、Capricornis milneedwardsii and Hystrix brachyura.Sambars was one of the most active species in the community based upon the total number of associated species,which played an extremely important role in maintaining the community stability.The ecological relationship between sambars and most species is to share food and habitat types.It is worth noting that there is a asymmetric ecological relationship between sambars and Sus scrofa,Capricornis milneedwardsii and Elaphodus cephalophus,which may create a suitable habitat for the survival of these species.With the decline or disappearance of large predators such as tigers and leopards,ungulates represented by sambars may have lost part of its ecological role in the material cycles and energy flows of the community.Over time,the community may collapse.Therefore,restoring the ecological roles of medium-and large-sized carnivorous species in the community may be the key issue for the community to further survive.
作者
李谦
钟义
周厚熊
刘卓涛
王晓娟
施小刚
李兆元
LI Qian;ZHONG Yi;ZHOU Houxiong;LIU Zhuotao;WANG Xiaojuan;SHI Xiaogang;LI Zhaoyuan(School of Geography and Ecotourism,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;China Wildlife Conservation Association,Beijing,100714,China;Kunming Yijing Ecological Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,650224,China;Sichuan Wolong National Nature Reserve Administration,Wenchuan,623006,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2022年第2期314-322,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
国家林业和草原局大熊猫国际合作项目(2017115)。
关键词
水鹿
生物群落
生态学关系
卧龙国家级自然保护区
Sambar(Rusa unicolor)
Community
Ecological relations
Wolong National Nature Reserve
