摘要
【目的】以3309M、5BB、1103P、420A、5C、SO_(4)为材料,研究盐碱胁迫对不同葡萄砧木光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。【方法】采用水培的方法,设置对照(改良式Hoagland营养液)与盐碱胁迫(改良式Hoagland营养液+50 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl+NaHCO_(3))2个处理,测定不同葡萄砧木的新梢生长量、叶绿素含量、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光参数,并对其进行主成分分析。【结果】盐碱胁迫下,各砧木植株新梢生长量减少,降幅较少的为420A与SO_(4);叶绿素(Chl a+b)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、光化学性能指数(PIabs)、单位面积吸收的光能(ABS/CS_(m))、单位面积捕获的光能(TR_(o)/CS_(m))、电子传递的量子产额(ET_(o)/CS_(m))、单位面积的反应中心数量(RC/CS_(m))、单位RC电子传递的量子产额(ET_(o)/RC)值整体呈下降趋势,荧光诱导曲线中热耗散(DI_(o)/CS_(m))、单位RC吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位RC捕获的光能(TR_(o)/RC)、J点(V_(j))、I点(V_(i))升高,其中,Chl a+b、Pn、G_(s)下降最多的品种为3309M,Ci与Tr最低的分别是5BB和5C,PIabs、F_(v)/F_(m)、TR_(o)/CS_(m)、ET_(o)/RC降幅最小的均为SO_(4);ABS/CS_(m)、ET_(o)/CS_(m)、RC/CS_(m)降幅最小的为3309M,同时,339M的DIo/CS_(m)增长最多,ABS/RC、TR_(o)/RC、V_(j)、V_(i)增幅最大的是5C。【结论】利用主成分分析得到各砧木耐盐碱性由强到弱为SO_(4)、1103P、5BB、420A、3309M、5C。
【Objective】In order to detect the effects of salt and alkali stress on the development progress,chlorophyl content,photosynthetic and chlorophyl fluorescence characteristics of grape rootstocks and shed lights on the mechanisms of these effects,we investigated the reaction of photosynthetic and Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of six main rootstock varieties used in grape production,3309M,5BB,1103P,420A,5C and SO_(4)to salt and alkali stress,and finally provided reference for selection of rootstocks resistant to salt and alkali.【Methods】In our study,we grew various nursery trees of grape rootstock varieties in greenhouses until they reached 8 leaf stages.Then hydroponic cultivation methods were used to support these plant materials for growth.Two treatments were set up:control(modified Hoagland nutrient solution)and saline alkali stress(modified Hoagland nutrient solution+50mmol·L^(-1)NaCl+NaHCO_(3))(mixed according to the amount of substance 1∶1).During the experiment,the nutrient solution was continuously ventilated with an inflatable pump,the water lost in the hydroponic basin was supplemented to the 6 L scale mark every day,and the nutrient solution was replaced every 5 days.The new growth,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyl fluorescence parameters of different grape rootstocks were measured,and the principal component analysis was carried out.【Results】The salt and alkali stress had universally negative effects on all characteristics related to development progress,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic and chlorophyl fluorescence.Compared with the control,the growth of the shoots of each rootstock decreased,and the content of chlorophyll(Chl a,Chl b and Chl a+b)decreased as well.The decrease of Chl b content was less than Chl a,indicating that saline-alkali stress would affect the synthesis of chlorophyll,and Chl b was more sensitive to saline-alkali stress on 15 d after the treatment;The net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)and transpiration rate(Tr)of the each rootstock also showed a downward trend,and the change of leaf Pnwas the same as that of Chl a+b content,indicating that the inhibition of rootstock plant photosynthesis was caused by stomatal factors,and the decrease of chlorophyll of the each rootstock was also one of the reasons for the decline of plant photosynthesis.Furthermore,we also used the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve(OJIP)to reflect the changes of primary photochemical reaction information and electron transfer information of plant PSⅡreaction center in a period of time.The characteristic sites of curves had changed when the different grape rootstocks were subjected to the saline-alkali stress.The O,J,I and P phases showed a downward trend in conclusion which flatted the OJIP curves.In the O-P standardized curve,the J phase showed an upward trend,and the I-P segment tended to be horizontal which indicated that saline-alkali stress would reduce the activity of PSⅡreaction center and block the electron transfer in the reaction center,which subsequently affected the chlorophyll fluorescence intensity of the plant leaves.In addition,the most seriously affected variety was 5C among all varieties.The O point fluorescence intensity of 3309M,420 and 5BB decreased which suggested that the reaction center in the photosynthetic process of these varieties was irreversibly inactivated.Being stressed by salt and alkali,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters PSⅡmaximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical performance index(PIabs),light energy absorbed per unit area(ABS/CS_(m)),light energy captured per unit area(TR_(o)/CS_(m)),quantum yield of electron transfer(ET_(o)/CS_(m)),the number of reaction centers per unit area(RC/CS_(m))decreased.However,the heat dissipation(DIo/CS_(m)),Light energy absorbed by unit reaction center(ABS/RC),light energy captured by unit reaction center(TR_(o)/RC)J(V_(j))and I(V_(i))point in the fluorescence induction curve increased.This results indicated that the ability of plant photosynthetic reaction center to inactivate,absorb light energy and capture light energy was reduced,a large amount of QAwas accumulated on the receptor side of PSⅡreaction center,the transmission of electrons on the receptor side was blocked,the transmission ability of the electrons was reduced,the heat dissipation was high,and the utilization rate of light energy was weakened.T_(o)evaluate the relative ability of the different rootstocks on salt and alkali resistance,we formed a principal component analysis containing all these 18 indexes.It is found that in the first principal component,the Tr,Plabs,F_(v)/F_(m),V_(j),ABS/CS_(m),TR_(o)/CS_(m)and ET_(o)/CS_(m)were the main indexes to evaluate the damage of rootstocks under salt-alkali stress.Among them,Tr was the indicators for regulating photosynthesis,Plabsand F_(v)/F_(m)were the indicators for evaluating fluorescence ability,and ABS/CS_(m),TR_(o)/CS_(m),V_(j),ET_(o)/CS_(m)were the important indicators for controlling light energy utilization.It seems to be possible that saline-alkali stress mainly affects plants by changing stomata and transpiration ability of leaves,as well as absorption,transmission,conversion and utilization ability of the leaves to the light energy.【Conclusion】Under saline-alkali stress,the growth of new plants of different grape rootstocks decreased,the synthesis of chlorophyll was blocked,and the photosynthetic fluorescence decreased.The order of the resistance degree(from strong to weak)to salt and alkali of the rootstocks was SO_(4),1103P,5BB,420A,3309M and 5C.
作者
鲁倩君
陈丽靓
马媛媛
刘迎
赵云文
赵宝龙
孙军利
LU Qianjun;CHEN Liliang;MA Yuanyuan;LIU Ying;ZHAO Yunwen;ZHAO Baolong;SUN Junli(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegeta�bles Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期773-783,共11页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(32060647,32060648)
石河子大学育种项目(YZZX202104)。
关键词
葡萄
盐碱胁迫
砧木
光合特性
叶绿素荧光特性
Grape
Saline-alkali stress
Rootstock
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics
