摘要
直线拟合是大学物理实验数据处理中的常见问题,常用的数据处理方法有两种:逐差法、最小二乘法,哪种方法最优的争论存在已久。利用Excel这一常用软件,以“拉伸法测金属丝的杨氏模量”这一实验为案例,评定逐差法和最小二乘法处理数据后测量结果的不确定度,对两种方法进行定量比较发现:精确测量时逐差法的劣势非常明显,此时应尽量用最小二乘法处理数据,逐差法只适用于粗略估算测量结果。
Linear fitting is a common problem in data processing of college physics experiments.There are two common data processing methods:successive difference method and linear regression method.The uncertainty of the result of the successive difference method and the linear regression method was evaluated by using the Excel software.When the comparison of the two methods was carried out quantitatively,the disadvantages of the successive difference method are obvious.So the data should be processed with the linear regression method as far as possible when making accurate measurements.The successive difference method is only suitable for rough estimation of measurement results.
作者
赵云飞
邱成锋
贾小文
张金凤
范海英
ZHAO Yunfei;QIU Chengfeng;JIA Xiaowen;ZHANG Jinfeng;FAN Haiying(General Courses Department,Army Military Transportation University,Tianjin 300161,China)
出处
《大学物理实验》
2022年第1期110-114,共5页
Physical Experiment of College
关键词
直线拟合
逐差法
最小二乘法
EXCEL
不确定度
linear fitting
successive difference method
linear regression method
Excel
uncertainty
