摘要
【目的】评价几种苹果中间砧的抗寒性,旨在筛选出抗寒性强的优良砧木,为苹果抗寒砧木的栽培生产应用、引种和选育提供理论依据。【方法】以9种苹果中间砧(5种新选育的抗寒性未知的砧木,编号分别为100、147、9-3、1-8、22#46;4种抗寒性已被评价过的砧木,分别为GM256、SH40、M9、MM106,作为对照)的1年生休眠枝条为试材,在自然越冬胁迫期间,测定各砧木枝条半致死温度、SOD和POD酶活性、MDA、ABA、超氧阴离子、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉和脯氨酸含量等生理指标,采用主成分分析综合评价不同苹果中间砧抗寒性。【结果】在自然越冬低温胁迫下,各苹果砧木均呈现出动态的生理特性变化。抗寒性好的砧木,有较高的SOD、POD酶活性和ABA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉和脯氨酸含量,以及较低的MDA含量、冻害指数和超氧阴离子产生速率。【结论】几种苹果中间砧的抗寒性由强到弱顺序为:100>147>9-3>GM256>SH40>1-8>22#46>M9>MM106。
【Objective】China is the world’s largest apple producer and consumer,with more than 50%of the world’s total apple planting area and output.Apple industry plays an important role in promoting farmers’poverty alleviation,rural revitalization and agricultural supply-side structural reform in China.Severe freezing injury will damage the tree,affect the yield and quality,and cause serious economic losses.Low temperature freezing injury has become a main limiting factor for the development of apple industry in China.In order to avoid or reduce the freezing injury,it is necessary to improve the cold resistance of apple trees,and rootstocks have a great influence on the cold resistance.In this study,through the determination of semilethal temperature under low-temperature conditions,cold resistance related physiological indexes and morphological index,as well as the cold resistance of several apple rootstocks were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis,the aim was to screen out rootstocks with strong cold resistance and provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation,production,application,introduction and breeding of apple rootstocks with strong cold resistance.【Methods】The annual dormant branches of 9 types of apple interstocks(5 newly selected rootstocks with unknown cold resistance,i.e.,100,147,9-3,1-8 and 22#46,and 4 types of rootstocks with known cold resistance such as GM256,SH40,M9 and MM106 as the control)were used as test materials.All rootstocks were grafted on apomictic Malus hupehensis Rehd..During natural overwintering stress,strong and consistent annual dormant branches of each rootstock were sampled.The branches of various rootstocks were treated in two parts:One part of the branches was treated at low temperature after sampled,the relative electrolyte conductivity(REC)was measured,and the semilethal temperature was calculated;another part of the branches were frozen in liquid nitrogen after sampled and stored in the refrigerator at-80℃for measuring the physiological and biochemical indexes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities,the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),abscisic acid(ABA),superoxide anion(O;),soluble protein,soluble sugar,starch and proline of rootstock branches.The cold resistance of apple rootstocks was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.【Results】During the whole process of natural overwintering stress,the physiological characteristics showed dynamic changes of all apple rootstocks.The morphological indicators(freezing injury index)and physiological indexes such as SOD and POD enzyme activities,the contents of MDA,ABA,superoxide anion,soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline were negatively correlated with the natural overwintering temperature,and the semilethal temperature and starch content were positively correlated with the natural overwintering temperature,and all these physiological indexes reached the maximum or minimum value when the temperature achieved the lowest in January,but may have slight difference among some rootstock species due to different variety characteristics.The rootstocks with higher cold resistance had higher SOD and POD activities,as well as ABA,soluble sugar,soluble protein,starch and proline contents,and lower MDA and superoxide anion production rate.The rootstocks with poorer cold resistance had lower SOD and POD enzyme activities,as well as ABA,soluble sugar,soluble protein,starch and proline contents,and higher MDA content,freezing injure index and superoxide anion production rate.【Conclusion】The order of cold resistance of these apple interstocks was as following in a descending order:100>147>9-3>GM256>SH40>1-8>22#46>M9>MM106.GM256 was an excellent apple rootstock with strong cold resistance.In this study,the apple rootstocks with better cold resistance than GM256 were 100,147 and 9-3.It is expected to provide valuable reference for the cultivation,production,application,introduction and breeding of apple rootstocks with strong cold resistance.
作者
井俊丽
刘铭潇
魏欣
徐继忠
李中勇
张学英
周莎莎
JING Junli;LIU Mingxiao;WEI Xin;XU Jizhong;LI Zhongyong;ZHANG Xueying;ZHOU Shasha(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期970-981,共12页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(19226317D)
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2020204015)。
关键词
苹果砧木
自然越冬
抗寒性
生理指标
主成分分析
Apple rootstock
Natural overwintering
Cold resistance
Physiological indexes
Principal component analysis
