摘要
建设自然灾害监测预警系统是防范灾害风险的重要手段。在综合调研国内外自然灾害监测预警系统建设进展基础上,从我国自然灾害监测预警信息化工程建设现状及国际发展趋势出发,开展系统建设关键要素分析,提出以人为本、协调机制、监测预警技术、信息传播和沟通策略、风险意识、响应能力六大关键要素。基于提升风险分析、综合决策、预警信息发布、指挥调度、应急处置的五大业务能力需求,提出信息技术和应急业务深度融合的建设模式,采用感知网络、基础设施、数据服务、业务支撑、综合应用的分层架构设计,贯穿灾前风险监测、预警、应急响应全过程,构建重大风险全覆盖的多层级自然灾害监测预警体系,以提高风险早期识别、多灾种综合监测、预警预报和应急处置能力,有效防范化解灾害风险。
Building a natural disaster monitoring and early warning system is an important means to prevent disaster risks.Based on the comprehensive investigation of the construction progress of natural disaster monitoring and early warning systems at home and abroad,the key elements of system construction are analyzed in view of the construction status and international development trend of natural disaster monitoring and early warning information engineering in China.Specifically,six essential elements are proposed:people-oriented idea and practice,coordination mechanism,monitoring and early warning technology,information dissemination and communication strategy,risk awareness,and response capacity.Further,in consideration of the requirement of promoting the five major business capacities of risk analysis,comprehensive decision-making,early warning information release,command and dispatch,and emergency response,the construction mode of deep integration of information technology and emergency management business is proposed.More specifically,hierarchical architecture design of perception network,infrastructure,data service,business support and comprehensive application is adopted,which runs through the whole process of pre-disaster risk monitoring,early warning and emergency response.Finally,the multi-level natural disaster monitoring and early warning system with full coverage of major risks will be established to improve capabilities of risk early identification,multi-disaster comprehensive monitoring,early warning and forecast,and emergency response,which can effectively prevent and defuse disaster risks in China.
作者
王文
张志
张岩
王涛
许文浩
WANG Wen;ZHANG Zhi;ZHANG Yan;WANG Tao;XU Wenhao(School of soil and water conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Ministry of Emergency Management Big Data Center,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《灾害学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期229-234,共6页
Journal of Catastrophology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1511805)
北京市科技计划课题(Z211100004121004)。
关键词
自然灾害
综合监测预警
业务能力
系统架构
natural disasters
comprehensive monitoring and early warning
business capability
system architecture
