摘要
通过对黔东南州现存的传统村落进行调查和数据收集、分类,从社会变迁的视角出发,基于贵州省黔东南州的区域历史以及文化源流,首先归纳黔东南州村落的主要社会变迁历史和传统村落在不同朝代的基本状态。然后将村落分布情况按照始建朝代分为元及元以前、明、清、民国以后四个时期,结合GIS技术,联系用地适宜性、水系、交通,整理409个村落的地理数据与民族属性。利用所整理数据进行可视化切片分析,发现西北—东南对角分布、东西双包围分布、内部向心分布、西北—东南零散分布四种分布规律,并总结黔东南州传统村落分布演变规律的影响因素。
The evolutionary laws of traditional village distribution in the southeast region of Guizhou Province,which has the most concentrated distribution of ethnic minorities,are representative and can provide some suggestions for other areas.Using surveys,this research summarized the collection and classification of existing traditional villages in the southeast region of Guizhou Province,administrative zoning,land use,and settlement from the perspective of social changes with consideration for major regional historical and cultural origins related to changes in dynasties,policy changes,post road development,and population migration.The research found that the settlements in the southeast region of Guizhou Province hadn’t developed scale prior to the Song Dynasty.During the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties,large populations migrated to the interior of the region and the village developed continuously.Villages began to form obvious borderlines after the Republic of China.Therefore,evolutionary laws of village distribution were studied by dividing the timeline into four stages:the Yuan Dynasty and before,the Ming Dynasty,the Qing Dynasty,and the Republic of China.Positions of 409 traditional Chinese villages were determined by GIS technology on the district map of southeast Guizhou Province Prefecture with consideration for land use suitability,water systems,and traffic.Furthermore,villages were classified and counted according to a survey on years of foundation and ethnic attributes.Hence,the corresponding village distribution pattern and a table of traditional village quantities in different counties in the study area was determined.Influenced by social changes in the four timeline stages,the collected data was cut into sections and studied individually based on the kernel density estimation of ArcGIS10.1,with the aim of exploring internal laws according to the foundation situations of settlements at different stages.According to plaque analysis of settlements,the distribution positions,distribution patterns,and density of traditional settlements in the study area at different stages was determined.The growth tendency,quantity changes,position changes,and changes in ethnic attributes of traditional settlements at different stages were summarized through a comparative analysis.It found that traditional villages in southeast Guizhou Province are predominantly concentrated in areas inappropriate for construction and restricted areas on the construction suitability map,showing division of Miao Nationality and Dong Nationality.There is internal derivation in the west,and external migration in the east.Villages of different ethnic groups integrate.Village development is marginalized.Four distribution patterns have formed successively:northwest-southeast diagonal distribution,east-west enclosed distribution,inward distribution,and northwest-southeast scattered distribution.Finally,the external causes of the evolutionary laws of traditional village distribution in southeast Guizhou Province at different stages were summarized.Migration of ethnic minorities and radiation to the surrounding areas were an external cause in and before the Yuan Dynasty.Migration of the Wei-so,transformation to the north regions,and reclaiming the south region were external causes during the Ming Dynasty.Bureaucratization of native officers and squeezing town spaces were external causes in the Qing Dynasty.Frequent wars and urbanization trends are current external causes in the Republic of China.Additionally,natural barriers in the terrain,spontaneous growth of“settlement boundaries”,integration of different ethnic groups,and cultural lag were internal causes across all four stages.Finally,the research concludes that the evolutionary laws of traditional villages in southeast Guizhou Province are determined by the gradual dominance shift from natural geology to social economy.
作者
杨光磊
李哲
YANG Guanglei;LI Zhe
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期17-24,共8页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52078484):湘西地区传统民居现代适应性更新技术体系研究。
关键词
社会变迁
村落分布
切片分析
演变规律
social change
village distribution
slice analysis
evolution law
