老年人主观幸福感及其影响因素的调查研究被引量：13

Investigation on Subjective Well-being and Its Influencing Factors of the Elderly

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摘要目的了解北京市社区和养老院老年人的主观幸福感,并分析影响老年人幸福感的主要因素,为相关养老助老措施的制定提供依据。方法于2017年1-3月采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表、焦虑自评量表和一般情况问卷,对北京市两个社区和一个养老院的187名老人的主观幸福感、焦虑情况进行问卷调查。基于单因素分析结果进行多元线性回归,分析老年人幸福感的影响因素。结果老年人总体幸福感得分为(33.65±9.50)分,与常模比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);老年人焦虑自评量表得分为(40.64±9.22)分,有焦虑情绪的老人占16.6%,SAS得分与幸福感呈负相关(r=-0.531,P<0.001);不同养老方式、文化程度、原职业、医疗付费方式、经济来源、子女情况及与子女关系的老年人幸福感差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析显示,老年人的不同养老方式和焦虑情况是其幸福感的主要影响因素(F=63.159,P<0.05)。结论老年人达到了主观幸福水平,但焦虑负性情绪值得关注;养老助老政策制定者应结合不同养老方式、焦虑情况、医疗费付方式、经济来源、与子女关系等以上影响老年人幸福感的因素,采取针对性的举措来进一步提升老年人的幸福感。 Objective To study the subjective well-being of the elderly in community and nursing home and its influencing factors,so as to provide basis for the formulation of relevant old-age support measures.Methods From January to March 2017,187 elderly of two communities and a nursing home in Beijing were selected as the research object and they were investigated by MUNSH,SAS and General situation.Based on the results of single factor analysis,multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the subjective well-being of the elderly.Results The overall score of the subjective well-being of elderly was(33.65±9.50)points.The difference with norm was statistically significant(P<0.001).The score of SAS was(40.64±9.22)points.The elderly with anxiety accounted for 16.6%.The score of SAS were negatively correlated with happiness(r=-0.531,P<0.001).There were differences in different pension modes,cultural level,occupational,medical payment methods,economic status,children's situation,the relationship with children and anxiety of happiness in the elderly(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that different pension modes and anxiety had an impact on the subjective well-being(F=63.159,P<0.05).Conclusion The elderly have reached subjective well-being levels.But the anxiety of the elderly deserves attention.The policy makers of supporting the elderly should take targeted measures to further improve the happiness of the elderly by combining the factors that influence the happiness of the elderly,such as pension modes,anxiety,medical payment methods,economic status and the relationship with children.

作者王棹杨红姚秋丽孙梦妍张雨李嘉仪 WANG Zhao;YANG Hong;YAO Qiuli;SUN Mengyan;ZHANG Yu;LI Jiayi(Xinqiao Jiayuan Community Health Service Station of Tongzhou in Beijing,Beijing,101100,China;不详)