摘要
文物是人类在社会活动中遗留的具有历史、艺术、科学价值的遗物和遗迹。优秀物质文化遗产的体系庞大、内容繁杂,数字化三维重建是保存、管理文物的一种切实可行的方案,对文化传承意义深远。相比于三维激光扫描、结构光技术等在成本和效率方面都有待改进的现有方法,数字近景摄影测量在确保低成本、高效率的同时,还能够满足数据的精度要求和详细程度。如何应用摄影测量技术对文物进行高效三维重建,实现纹理、部件、结构的精细化描述,并综合管理文物以便线上欣赏、未来修复与辅助断代,对优秀物质文化遗产的保护与传承至关重要。本研究提出了基于视觉的三维建模方案,分为明清家具分层管理体系构建、高效率数据采集与精细化三维重建、高精度三维数字文化档案建设三步。首先针对明清家具的文化特点,从类别、纹饰、部件出发进行分层分类管理,构建独特编码体系;其次基于数字近景摄影测量技术,提出了对明清家具进行非接触数据采集的低成本高效率方法,进行高精度三维重建;再次从三维信息中提取家具纹饰、部件、结构特征,以编码为依据建立索引,为三维数字文化档案的建设提供信息基础;最后设计分层索引结构,建设高精度数字文化档案,搭建互联网共享平台进行展示。以100套明清古家具袖珍模型为实例进行精细化数字建模,基于数字近景摄影测量技术,将模型精度控制在毫米级别,完成了文物要素提取、分类体系搭建、属性信息管理与索引结构设计,构建了历史文化和三维模型融合的数字文化档案。研究结果表明,基于视觉的非接触视觉处理算法能够实现高精度三维重建,提出的技术方案能够保留模型的细节程度,并且降低了成本、提升了效率,对文物类别、部件、纹饰的属性管理与索引架构能有效管理文化信息,数字文化档案兼具科技、人文与传统美学,满足文物保护需求。明清家具三维数字文化档案可用于古家具的研究,有利于中国古代家具工艺的传承,而其中对于家具的历史年代的介绍鉴别能够辅助断代。下一步将考虑运用人工智能对家具纹饰和部件进行元素组合,生成个性化定制家具。同时将完善技术方案,应用范围拓展至小型文物,支撑数字博物馆建设。
Cultural relics possessing historical,artistic and scientific value were left by human beings in social activities.Three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction is a feasible solution of profound significance for the preservation and management of cultural relics.However,the existing methods such as 3D-laser scanning and structured light need improvement.The method of digital close-range photogrammetry can satisfy the accuracy requirements while ensuring low cost and high efficiency.How to apply photogrammetry to the rebuilding of cultural relics and to manage them for appreciation,restoration and dating is very important for the conservation and inheritance of objects of excellent material cultural heritage.This study proposes a vision-based 3D modeling scheme,which is divided into three steps:classification of Ming and Qing furniture,data acquisition and high-accuracy 3D-reconstruction,and establishment of high-accuracy 3D-digital cultural archives.Firstly,according to the cultural characteristics of Ming and Qing furniture,we conduct hierarchical classification management survey and build a unique coding system;secondly,based on digital close-range photogrammetry,we propose a low-cost and high-efficiency method for non-contact data acquisition;thirdly,we extract patterns,components,and structures from 3D-information and build an index based on coding;finally,we create the digital cultural archives and build a sharing platform on the Internet.This study experimented with 100 sets of Ming and Qing furniture miniatures.The accuracy of the digital model was controlled to the level of a millimeter.The extraction of cultural relic elements,construction of classification framework,management of attribute information and design of index structure were carried out to form an information database integrating digital models and their culture.The method we propose can achieve high-accuracy 3D-reconstruction,reduce costs,improve efficiency and help to preserve cultural relics.The 3D-digital cultural archives can be used for the management and study of ancient Ming and Qing furniture.We consider combining artificial intelligence with our method to customize modern furniture,advance our technology,apply it to more small cultural relics in the future and support the construction of digital museums.
作者
顾珈静
刘春
周骁腾
汤焱
GU Jiajing;LIU Chun;ZHOU Xiaoteng;TANG Yan(College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2022年第2期22-30,共9页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41771481)资助
国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110247009)资助。
关键词
摄影测量
计算机视觉
三维重建
数字档案
文物保护
明清家具
Photogrammetry
Computer vision
3D-reconstruction
Digital archive
Conservation of cultural relic
Ming and Qing furniture
