摘要
目的 基于分析四届冬奥会运动损伤情况,梳理运动损伤后急性期常用药物使用建议,以促进运动损伤治疗的合理用药,期望在药物短期效应与潜在长期危害中寻求平衡点。方法 检索PubMed、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库,基于运动员损伤情况,结合《运动员常用治疗药物使用指南(2020版)》收录的药物清单,梳理非甾体类抗炎药、抗菌药物、局麻药在急性损伤期的用药建议。结果 整理数据后,男性、女性运动员损伤率分别约为10.7%,11.9%,常见损伤类型为挫伤/血肿/淤青(共29.5%)、拉伤(16.2%)和扭伤(14.6%)。在早期炎症中,可使用非甾体抗炎药,但建议缓解后尽快停药;抗菌药物使用时,对于开放性骨折,建议根据骨折类型预防性使用抗菌药物,若后期明确感染,应根据药敏结果及时调整用药,并尽早使用直至创面闭合后48 h,若是创伤性面部骨折,不建议对不可进行手术的骨折使用预防性抗菌药物以及对可进行手术的骨折术前和术后(>24 h)使用抗菌药物;局麻药不建议在弥漫性不适区域(如四头肌)和承重关节(如膝关节、踝关节)中使用。结论 运动员的性别、运动项目对损伤发生率、部位和类型有影响。在此基础上梳理运动员损伤治疗中常用药物建议,为运动员的安全用药提供参考。
Objective Based on the analysis of sports injuries of the four Olympic Winter Games,this study summarized suggestions on using commonly used drugs in the acute stage after sports injuries,to promote rational drug use of sports injuries and seek a balance between short-term effects and potential long-term harm.Methods PubMed,CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched.Based on athletes'injury situations and combined with the list of drugs included in Guidelines for The Use of Commonly Used Drugs for Athletes(2020 edition),suggestions on NSAIDs,antibiotics and local anesthetics in the acute injury period were summarized.Results The injury rates of male and female athletes were 10.7%and 11.9%,respectively.The common injury types were contusion/hematoma/bruising(29.5%),strains(16.2%),and sprains(14.6%).In the early inflammation,NSAIDs may be used,but it was recommended to discontinue the drug use as soon as possible after the remission;When using antibiotics for open fractures,it was recommended to use prophylactic antibiotics according to the fracture type.If the infection was confirmed in the later stage,the medication should be adjusted timely according to the drug susceptibility results and used as early as possible until 48 h after the wound closure.For traumatic facial fractures,prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended for non-surgical fractures,but antibiotics are recommended for the pre-operable and post-operable fractures(>24 hours);Local anesthetics are not recommended in areas of diffuse discomfort(e.g.,quadriceps)and weight-bearing joints(e.g.,knee,ankle).Conclusion Athletes'gender and sports types have an impact on the incidence,location,and type of injury.On this basis,suggestions on commonly used drugs in injury treatment on athletes were summarized to provide a reference for the safe drug use on athletes.
作者
朱昱彦
杨倩文
何霞
边原
袁梦莹
吴竞鲜
刘心霞
陈岷
童荣生
ZHU Yuyan;YANG Qianwen;HE Xia;BIAN Yuan;YUAN Mengying;WU Jingxian;LIU Xinxia;CHEN Min;TONG Rongsheng(School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054,China;Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Department of Pharmacy,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital / Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610072,China;School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)
出处
《医药导报》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第6期806-813,共8页
Herald of Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2020YFC2005500)
四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019FS0514)
个体化药物治疗四川省重点开放课题资助(2021ZD02)
四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院科研基金(2020LY06)。
关键词
非甾体抗炎药
抗菌药物
局部麻醉药
合理用药
运动损伤
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Antibiotics
Local anesthetics
Rational drug use
Sport injury
