摘要
植物育种对于满足人们日益增长的对衣食住行的需求并适应不断变化的气候条件起着不可或缺的作用。育种过程包括制定育种目标、创建育种群体、选择优良品系三大环节。研究者围绕提高育种效率,特别是选择效率提出了许多概念和方法,比如各种应对基因型-环境互作的策略,各种稳定性分析方法,各种品种生态区划分方法,各种试验设计和分析方法,各种双标图分析方法,以及各种多性状综合评价方法等等。另外,全基因组预测已经发展成为育种工作者必须考虑和不能忽视的方法。了解这些概念、方法之间的关系,哪些是有用的,哪些是不必要的,哪些是有问题的,它们在整个育种体系中处于什么位置,对提高育种效率具有实际意义。本文以个人长期的研究、思考和育种实践为基础,对育种目标制定、育种群体创建,特别是后代选择的基本原理、概念和方法进行了梳理、澄清和补充,以期对品种选育和评价的理论和方法形成一个较完整、系统的论述,并用实例演示一些重要的分析方法。
Plant breeding plays an indispensable role in meeting the increasing need for food and comfort of the mankind in a changing climate.Numerous concepts and procedures aiming at improving breeding efficiency have been put forward,such as various strategies for dealing with genotype by environment interaction,stability analyses,mega-environment analyses,experi-mental designs and analyses,biplot analyses,and selection indices.In addition,genomic selection has evolved into a stage that plant breeders must consider and cannot ignore.It is of practical importance to understand the relationships among these concepts and procedures,their usefulness,drawbacks,and pitfalls,as well as their place in the theoretical framework of plant breeding and genotype evaluation.Based primarily on personal research and experience,this article attempted to develop a systematic narrative on the principles,key concepts,and analytic procedures related to cultivar development and evaluation,with demonstrations using real-world data.
作者
严威凯
YAN Weikai(Ottawa Research and Development Center,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Ottawa K1A 0C6,Ontario,Canada)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期2137-2154,共18页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
ASP-001支持。
关键词
育种家公式
遗传力
基因型-环境互作
品种生态区
充分试验
稳定性分析
选择指数
全基因组选择
Breeder’s equation
heritability
genotype-by-environment interaction
mega-environment analysis
adequate testing
stability analysis
index selection
genomic selection
