摘要
目的:整合经典职业压力理论及测量工具,编制我国职业压力源量表,并检验该量表的信度和效度。方法:通过广泛查阅国内外关于职业压力相关理论及测量工具的文献,结合深度访谈和专家评定,确定量表的维度和条目,形成初始量表。采用网络问卷形式两批次抽取来自全国12个省份的635名在职人员为研究对象,样本1(n=295)用于初始量表的预测试,样本2(n=340)用于正式量表施测,并将有效样本数据用于信度、效度分析,抽取其中30人进行重测信度检验;使用SPSS 22.0进行条目分析、探索性因子分析、内部一致性信度和重测信度分析;使用Lisrel 6.0进行结构效度分析;使用Job Stress Survey(JSS)量表作为校标进行校标效度分析。结果:验证性因子分析结果显示本量表的三因子结构模型:要求与能力、付出与回报、组织氛围3个维度,分别包含9、8、9个条目,整体模型拟合度良好(χ^(2)/df=3.02、CFI=0.95、IFI=0.95、RMSEA=0.077),各因子载荷在0.46~0.87。将职业压力源量表的得分与校标JSS量表进行相关性分析,两量表的总分呈正相关(r=0.671,P<0.001),提示量表具有较好的校标效度。内部一致性检验数据显示,量表的Cronbachα系数为0.912,要求与能力、付出与回报、组织氛围三维度的Cronbachα系数介于0.866~0.879。量表的重测信度为0.65,各维度重测信度介于0.59~0.74,较低的重测信度可能由于职业压力是一种应激状态,受到稳定的人格特质和变化的环境因素两方面综合影响。基于人口学特征的分析显示,男性、未在婚的职业压力总分较高;付出与回报维度的题目均分高于其他两个维度,低龄、未在婚、本科学历、三线及以下城市和收入低的人群,其源自付出与回报的压力得分较高;此外,男性源自要求与能力、组织氛围的压力得分高于女性,未在婚人群源自组织氛围的压力得分高于已婚人群,方差分析结果显示这些得分差异存在统计学意义。结论:职业压力源量表具有良好的信度、效度和人群应用效果,可用于我国在职人员职业压力的测量。
Objective:To develop the occupational stressors scale(OSS)under the new era and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:The structure and items for the draft scale were established based on the literature review of occupational stress-related theories and major assessment instruments,in-depth interview with various employees,and expert evaluation.Totally 635 samples data were collected from 12 provinces in China through a convenient sampling method of web-based survey,with sample 1(n=295)for the pretest and sample 2(n=340)for the test of final scale,and among which 30 samples were selected for the re-test reliability examination.SPSS 22.0 was used for the analyses of internal consistency reliability,re-test reliability and item analysis,and the structural validity analysis for the final scale was evaluated by Lisrel 6.0.Jobstress survey(JSS)was used as a criterion scale to test criterion validity of OSS.Results:The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model(Demand-ability,DA;Efforts-rewards,ER;Organizationalclimate,OC)had good fitness(χ~2/df=3.02,RMSEA=0.077,CFI=0.95,IFI=0.95),with each factor loading ranging from 0.47 to 0.87.The total score of OSS showed positive correlation with JSS(r=0.671,P<0.001)in the criterion test.The internal consistency analysis showed that the Cronbach’s α=0.912 for the whole scale and each dimension’s Cronbachαranged 0.866~0.879,indicating its good reliability in inner consistency.Theintraclass correlative coefficient(ICC)value was 0.65 for the whole scale and values for each dimension ranged 0.59~0.74.Occupational stress was a kind of stress state,which might be affected both by stable personality traits and the changing environment.OSS scores analysis by demographics showed that the single male employees got higher scores than others;Scores of the ER were higher than other dimensions,especially for the young single person with bachelor degree and low salary in third-tier city or below areas;The male employees got higher scores than the female in the dimensions of DA and OC,and the single people got higher scores than the married in OC.Difference of all above result showed statistically significance in ANOVA.Conclusion:The occupational stressors scale has ability to assess the level of stress of the Chinese employees.
作者
王君
陈天勇
WANG Jun;CHEN Tianyong(CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Beijing,100101,China)
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
北大核心
2022年第5期693-698,共6页
China Journal of Health Psychology
基金
国家重点研发计划(编号:2020YFC2003000)。
关键词
职业压力
压力源
量表
信度
效度
Occupational stress
Stressors
Scale
Validity
Reliability
