摘要
采用室内培养法研究棉隆熏蒸后添加常用剂量的生物炭和沸石对土壤微生态和土传病原菌的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,各处理土壤硝态氮的含量均显著增加。与仅棉隆熏蒸相比,熏蒸后添加沸石处理土壤硝态氮含量显著增加6.29%~11.74%。棉隆熏蒸后添加生物炭处理在培养期结束时土壤有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量以及电导率显著增加,土壤酸碱度降低,效果优于添加沸石处理。此外,与对照相比,棉隆熏蒸后添加生物炭还可提高土壤过氧化氢酶(5.68%~14.51%)和蔗糖酶(3.71%~12.08%)的活性。棉隆熏蒸后添加沸石的处理其土壤酶活性在培养期结束时和对照、仅棉隆熏蒸处理间无显著差异。对土壤微生物的分析结果表明,与仅棉隆熏蒸相比,棉隆熏蒸后添加生物炭和沸石处理其细菌数量显著增加3.49%~33.95%,真菌数量呈现先降低后增加的趋势。对病原菌数据分析表明,棉隆熏蒸后添加生物炭和沸石均可提高对镰刀菌和疫霉的防治效果,但沸石防治效果更好、更持久,培养期结束时对镰刀菌和疫霉的抑制率高达89.29%和72.58%。我们的研究结果表明棉隆熏蒸土壤后添加生物炭和沸石可提高土壤养分,改善土壤微生态环境,同时加强对病原菌的防治效果,可在田间进一步推广应用。
Indoor culture experiments were conducted to study the effects of common dosages of biochar and zeolite on soil micro-ecology and soil-borne pathogens after dazomet fumigation.The results showed that,compared with the control,the soil nitrate nitrogen content significantly increased in all treatments.Compared with dazomet fumigation alone,dazomet fumigation in combination with zeolite could significantly increase the soil nitrate nitrogen content by 6.29%-11.74%.The content of soil available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter and electrical conductivity significantly increased and the soil pH reduced at the end of the cultivation period when adding biochar after dazomet fumigation,and the effect was better than that of adding zeolite.In addition,compared with the control,dazomet fumigation in combination with biochar could also increase the activities of soil catalase(5.68%-14.51%)and sucrase(3.71%-12.08%).There were no significant differences in the soil enzyme activity among dazomet fumigation in combination with zeolite and the control or dazomet fumigation alone at the end of the incubation period.Analysis of soil microorganisms showed that compared with dazomet fumigation alone,the addition of biochar and zeolite after dazomet fumigation significantly increased the number of bacteria by 3.49%-33.95%,and the number of fungi showed a trend of decreasing first followed by increasing.Data analysis of pathogenic agent showed that the addition of biochar and zeolite after dazomet fumigation could improve the control effect on pathogens,but zeolite had a better and longer-lasting control effect on pathogens,with an inhibition rate of 89.29%(Fusarium)and 72.58%(Phytophthora),respectively at the end of the incubation period.It suggested that dazomet fumigation followed by addition with biochar or zeolite in the soil can increase soil nutrients,improve the soil micro-ecological environment,and strengthen the prevention and control effect of pathogens,which should be further promoted and applied in the field.
作者
李青杰
方文生
张大琪
颜冬冬
李园
王秋霞
曹坳程
LI Qingjie;FANG Wensheng;ZHANG Daqi;YAN Dongdong;LI Yuan;WANG Qiuxia;CAO Aocheng(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《植物保护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期150-157,共8页
Plant Protection
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201600)
国家自然科学基金(31972313)。
关键词
生物炭
沸石
棉隆熏蒸
土壤微生态
土传病原菌
biochar
zeolite
dazomet fumigation
soil microecology
soil-borne pathogens
