摘要
为揭示农业面源污染与农村水环境质量的响应关系,以湖南省46个区县为研究对象,核算了2019年种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业及农村生活污水中化学需氧量、总氮、总磷、铵态氮(COD、TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N)的排放量,采用水污染指数法量化了农村地表水水质类别,对农业面源等标污染负荷、单位国土面积和单位地表径流等标污染负荷与水质类别值进行了相关性分析。结果表明:农业面源污染的主要来源是畜禽养殖和农村生活污水,主要污染物是TN;COD的主要来源是畜禽养殖业,TP的主要来源是农村生活污水,而TN和NH_(4)^(+)-N的主要来源是种植业和畜禽养殖业。46个区县中,农村水体水质类别为Ⅲ类及以下的区县有19个,Ⅳ类15个、Ⅴ类7个、劣Ⅴ类5个,TN是造成水质较差的主要定类指标。等标污染负荷与水质类别无明显相关性,而单位国土面积和单位地表径流等标污染负荷与水质类别均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9792、0.9933;4种污染物中,COD单位国土面积和单位地表径流等标污染负荷与水质类别无明显相关性,而TN、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N与水质类别呈正相关,是湖南农村水体水质变化的主要影响因子,其中TN是水质类别的决定性因子。利用本研究所得响应关系函数模型可以初步预测农村水体水质类别,进而有效降低农村水环境质量监测的难度和成本,同时为不同类别农业污染源监管提供科学依据。
The aim of this study is to reveal the response relationship between agricultural non-point source pollution and rural water environment quality and provide a theoretical basis for monitoring and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. In this study, 46counties in Hunan Province were taken as research objects, and the emissions of COD, TN, TP, and NH-N in planting industry, livestock and poultry breeding industry, aquaculture industry and rural domestic sewage in 2019 were calculated. Water pollution index method was used to evaluate the water quality in rural areas, and the correlation between agricultural non-point source standard pollution load, unit land area and unit surface runoff equivalent pollution load, and water pollution index were analyzed. The results showed that the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution were livestock and poultry breeding and rural domestic sewage, and TN was the dominate pollutant. The main sources of four pollutions were livestock and poultry breeding for COD, rural domestic sewage for TP, and planting and breeding for TN and NH_(4)^(+)-N. Among the water quality categories of rural water in the 46 counties, 19 were classified as Ⅲ and below, 15were classified as Ⅳ, 7 were classified as V, and 5 were classified as inferior V, and TN was the primary indicator for poor water quality category. No obvious correlation was observed between the equivalent emissions and the water quality categories;however, significant positive correlation occurred for the unit land area and surface runoff equivalent pollution loads and water quality categories, and the correlation coefficients were 0.979 2 and 0.993 3, respectively. Among the four main pollutants, the equivalent pollution load of COD per unit of land area and unit of surface runoff had no obvious correlation with water quality categories;however, TN, TP, NH_(4)^(+)-N positively correlated with water quality categories, which were the main influencing factors of water quality changes in rural water bodies in Hunan,and TN was the decisive factor of water quality category. The quality categories of rural water could be preliminarily predicted through the function model obtained from this study, which would effectively reduce the difficulty and cost of monitoring rural water environment quality. In addition, this study provides a scientific basis for supervising different types of agricultural pollution sources.
作者
宋晓明
柳王荣
姜珊
姜彩红
吴根义
SONG Xiaoming;LIU Wangrong;JIANG Shan;JIANG Caihong;WU Genyi(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1509-1519,共11页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx097-202104-107,PM-zx097-202104-121)。
关键词
农业面源污染
等标污染负荷
水质类别
响应关系
agricultural non-point source pollution
equivalent pollution load
water quality category
response relationship
