摘要
目的 调查餐厨垃圾发电企业职业病危害现况,提出针对性职业病防护措施建议。方法 于2019年12月-2021年10月,分别选取7家不同地域和规模的餐厨垃圾发电企业作业场所作为调查对象,对其原辅材料、生产工艺流程、职业病危害因素的种类、职业病防护措施及应急救援措施等进行现场调查,并对作业场所职业病危害因素的浓(强)度进行检测与评价。结果 预处理及厌氧车间氨及硫化氢浓度均检出,符合国家卫生标准要求,有一家企业预处理车间氨浓度超过国家卫生标准一半;污水处理岗位氨、氯化氢、氢氧化钠均检出,浓度符合国家卫生标准;沼气发电机噪声强度超过标准,各巡检岗位个体噪声强度均符合国家标准要求。结论 餐厨垃圾发电处置过程中存在多种职业病危害因素,应采取综合性职业危害防护措施以减少对工人健康的影响,防止发生急性职业中毒事故的发生。
Objective To investigate the occupational hazards in the kitchen waste power plants,and to provide suggestions for occupational disease prevention.Methods From December 2019 to October 2021,seven kitchen waste power plants in differ-ent regions were selected to conduct on-site investigation.The investigation includes their raw and auxiliary materials,produc-tion technical process,occupational hazards,occupational disease prevention measures and emergency rescue measures.The concentration(intensity)of occupational hazards in workplace was detected and evaluated.Results Ammonia and hydrogen.sulfide were found in the pretreatment and anaerobic workplace.The concentration of ammonia in the pretreatment workplace in one enterprise exceeded half of the national standard and the rest results met the requirements of the national standard.Ammo-nia,hydrogen chloride,sodium hydroxide were found in sewage treatment station while their concentration met the national standards.The noise intensity of biogas generator exceeded the national standard and the individual noise intensity of each inspection site met the requirements of national standards.Conclusion There are many kinds of occupational hazards in the kitchen waste power plants.Comprehensive occupational health management should be taken to reduce the occupational hazards and prevent acute occupational poisoning.
作者
姜彩霞
朱在洪
施建红
JIANG Cai-xia;ZHU Zai-hong;SHI Jian-hong(Hangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310021,China;不详)
出处
《中国卫生检验杂志》
CAS
2022年第13期1650-1653,共4页
Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology
关键词
垃圾发电
职业病
职业危害
关键控制点
Waste power generation
Occupational disease
Occupational hazard
Critical control point
