摘要
目的:探讨潜艇人员营养知识、态度、行为(KAP)及膳食营养状况和营养相关疾病发病率,为潜艇人员的营养干预提供依据与方向。方法:采用便利抽样方法,选取282名潜艇人员作为调查对象并进行营养KAP问卷调查,采用称重法进行膳食营养状况调查,同时进行健康体检。结果:潜艇人员营养KAP得分28~39分[(34.27±4.16)分],其中营养知识(8.97±2.36)分、营养态度(9.51±3.47)分、营养行为(17.58±2.45)分。潜艇人员各类食物摄入量与军标比较,除油脂超标外,其他各类食物均未达标。能量和营养素摄入情况显示,潜艇人员能量、钾、镁、磷、铁和烟酸均达标;蛋白质、钠和维生素E摄入超标;钙、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2和维生素C摄入不足。体检结果异常者111人,异常指标居于前三位的为超重(28.01%)、骨矿含量减少(26.95%)、高尿酸血症(26.24%)。结论:潜艇人员营养KAP水平不高,存在一些不良的饮食习惯,营养素摄入存在不均衡现象,体格检查中营养相关异常指标检出率较高。应对潜艇人员进行营养KAP教育,以改变其不良饮食习惯,促进其身体强健。
Objective To investigate the nutritional knowledge,attitude and practices(KAP),dietary nutritional status,and the incidence of nutrition-related diseases among submariners,so as to guide future nutritional intervention for submariners.Methods By using convenience sampling,a total of 282 submariners were included,who filled out the nutrition KAP questionnaire,participated the dietary nutritional survey by weighing food method,and health examination.Results Nutrition KAP questionnaire results:the score ranged 28-39(34.27±4.16).The score of nutritional knowledge was(8.97±2.36),the score of nutritional attitude was(9.51±3.47),and the score of nutritional behavior was(17.58±2.45).The results of dietary nutrition survey:all food intakes except the fat did not reach the military standard,while the fat intake exceeded the standard.In terms of energy and nutrients,the submariners’intakes of energy,potassium,magnesium,phosphorus,iron,and nicotinic acid met the standard;the intakes of protein,sodium,and vitamin E exceeded the standard;the intakes of calcium,zinc,selenium,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,and vitamin C were insufficient.Physical examination results showed 111 examinees’results had abnormal indexes.The top three abnormal indexes were overweight(28.01%),decreased bone mineral content(26.95%),and hyperuricemia(26.24%).Conclusion The submariners have low nutritional KAP level.Besides,they have some unhealthy dietary habits,and their nutritional intake is unbalanced.The detection rate of abnormal indexes related to nutrition among submariners is high.Therefore,nutritional KAP education should be promoted among submariners to help them get rid of unhealthy dietary habits and improve their fitness.
作者
刘剑英
王倩
林文娟
王娜
刘书锋
Jianying Liu;Qian Wang;Wenjuan Lin;Na Wang;Shufeng Liu(Qingdao Rehabilitation and Recuperation Center for Special Servicemen of PLA Navy,Qingdao,266071,China)
出处
《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第3期389-391,395,共4页
Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine
基金
军队后勤计划项目(AWS14C015,CJN15J001)。
关键词
潜艇人员
营养KAP
膳食
体检
Submariner
Nutritional knowledge,attitude and practices
Dietary nutritional survey
Physical examination
