摘要
【目的】西北砂田嫁接西瓜生产中水肥管理不当常造成品质下降。研究采用膜下滴灌栽培模式,水、氮、钾三因素组合对西瓜产量和品质的影响,为西北砂田嫁接西瓜高产、优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】以中晚熟西瓜品种‘金城5号’为供试材料进行微区试验。以水(W)、氮(N)、钾(K)为3个主因素,采用二次饱和D-最优设计确立了3因素5水平试验,共11个处理。测定西瓜产量和品质,分别建立产量、平均含糖量与水肥用量二次回归拟合数学模型,并计算产量和品质目标下的水肥用量。【结果】主因子效应分析表明,对西瓜产量的影响顺序为W>N>K,水对产量的正效应和氮对产量的负效应均极显著,钾对西瓜产量影响不显著。对西瓜品质的影响顺序为N>K>W,氮、钾对西瓜品质的正效应和水对西瓜品质的负效应均达到显著水平。对西瓜产量的耦合效应分析表明,交互效应表现为N×W>N×K>W×K,W×K的交互效应大于氮的单因素效应。对西瓜品质的耦合效应结果为W×K>W×N>N×K。产量与水肥回归模型计算得出,西瓜产量超过60 t/hm^(2)的W、N、K组合方案为灌水量808~1017 m^(3)/hm^(2)、N 231~293 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 177~258 kg/hm^(2);西瓜平均糖含量在11%以上的水肥方案为灌水量555~876 m^(3)/hm^(2)、N 226~279 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 217~271 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】综合产量与品质,砂田嫁接西瓜水肥一体化条件下产量超过60 t/hm^(2),平均糖含量在11%以上的适宜灌水量为808~876 m^(3)/hm^(2)、N 231~279 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 217~258 kg/hm^(2)。
【Objectives】Improper water and fertilizer management is common in watermelon production under gravel-mulched field of Northwest China.We investigated the suitable combination of water,N,and K inputs to attain optimum yield and quality of watermelon,as well as economic and environmental benefits.【Methods】A medium-late maturing watermelon cultivar‘Jincheng 5’was used as the test material in a microplot experiment using drip irrigation under gravel-mulching technology.The experiment adopted the three factors’quadratic saturating D-optimal design method to make water(W),N and K combination treatment,fertilizer effective equations of yield and quality were set up by adopting the condition of drip fertigation of grafted watermelon.【Results】Principal factor effect analysis showed that W,N,and K significantly influenced the watermelon yield and quality parameters,the order of influencing factors on watermelon yield was W>N>K,and the positive effect of water on yield was the most significant,while the negative effect of N was more obvious than that of water,and potassium had lesser effect on watermelon yield.The order of influencing factors on watermelon quality was N>K>W,and nitrogen and potassium markedly improved watermelon quality,while water had significant negative effects.The interactive effect of various factors on watermelon yield were shown as N×W>N×K>W×K.Mean while,W×K was greater than the main effect of nitrogen.Meanwhile regarding watermelon quality,K×W had a greater effect than W×N,and W×N improved crop quality better than N×K.With reference to the model,it was concluded that the water and fertilizer schemes for watermelon yield exceeding 60 t/hm^(2) under the experimental conditions were as follows:irrigation amount 808-1017 m^(3)/hm^(2),N 231-293 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 177-258 kg/hm^(2).And the water and fertilizer schemes for average sugar content of watermelon exceeding 11%were as follows:irrigation amount 555-876 m^(3)/hm^(2),N 226-279 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 217-271 kg/hm^(2).【Conclusions】Through comprehensive analysis and comparison,the optimum water and fertilizer scheme for a high yield and good quality of grafted watermelon production under fertigation condition was:irrigation amount 808-876 m^(3)/hm^(2),N 231-279 kg/hm^(2),and K_(2)O 217-258 kg/hm^(2).
作者
杜少平
马忠明
唐超男
薛亮
武永陶
李振谋
DU Shao-ping;MA Zhong-ming;TANG Chao-nan;XUE Liang;WU Yong-tao;LI Zhen-mou(Institute of Vegetables,Gansu Academy of Agriculturale Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agricultural,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Management Committee of Xicha Park,Lanzhou New Area,Lanzhou,Gansu 730314,China;Jingyuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jingyuan,Gansu 730600,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期1535-1544,共10页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2021GAAS09)
国家西甜瓜产业技术体系土壤与养分管理岗位项目(CARS-25)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201304)。
关键词
砂田
嫁接西瓜
膜下滴灌
水肥耦合
gravel-mulched fields
grafted watermelon
drip irrigation under film
water and fertilizer
