摘要
公园是城市重要的公共空间,是居民亲近自然、放松身心的主要场所。用户在访问公园过程中,多种感知要素影响其体验和评价,通过分析其影响机制和特征可以针对性地改善使用体验,提高规划的人文关怀。本文以重庆36个公园为例,通过网络爬虫技术采集海量用户点评数据,使用百度深度学习模块进行文本情感分析,共挖掘10个感知要素。通过分析要素感知频率、感知倾向以及不同公园类型自身感知特征,提取影响公园感知的6个关键因素,其中自然景观、绿化覆盖、公园规模、声音气味4个要素可以通过提高可视性等措施来增加积极感知,公园服务设施、地形起伏2个要素是公园规划建设中应重点改善的内容。本文希望通过使用感知导向的主观评价,为人性化公园和宜居城市建设提供指导。
With the rapid development of economy and urbanization,Chinese residents have made significant improvements in the physical environment and living conditions,while their spiritual needs still need more promotions.Urban parks play an active role in improving the quality of human settlements,they are the main places for residents to get close to nature and relax.In the process of visiting parks,various perception factors affect users’ experience and their evaluation.By analyzing the influence mechanism and characteristics,planners can target to improve users’ positive experience,and improve the refinement level of urban planning.In recent years,research on users’ perception based on social media data has gradually emerged.Using deep learning techniques to mine the perception information contained in comments,which provides new ideas for a more comprehensive evaluation of users’ perceptions and park operation.In this paper,we select 36 parks in the core area of Chongqing city as a case study.All of them have a high number of online comments.It covers seven types of parks,including comprehensive park,ecological park,children’s park,sports park,memorial park,amusement park and geopark.We collect 22,355 user comments through crawler technology,the perception factors are divided into four major categories and ten minor categories.Baidu AI Cloud platform is used to analyze the text sentiment,and SPSS is used to statistics the perception frequency and perception tendency.The results show that park landscape and environmental factors can be perceived easiest,while the infrastructure factors are usually ignored.Environmental factors tend to give users the most positive experience,followed by landscape factors,while park size,topography and facilities are easy to trigger negative perceptions.By analyzing the perceptual characteristics of different park,it is found that there are differences in the degree of attention caused by various factors.For example,in sports parks,people are more likely to perceive the facilities,while in other types of parks,people pay less attention to them.In addition,users are likely to have a positive perception in parks with beautiful scenery or comprehensive functions.Moreover,we find that there are many factors affect the overall perception,among them,those factors whose perception tendency changes rapidly with the increase of users’ attention can greatly affect using experience,that is the key to this study.We analyze the correlations between perception frequency and perception tendency.The results show that six factors significantly impact users’ perception,such as natural landscape,green coverage,park size,sound and smell,service facilities and topographic relief.Based on the above findings,several suggestions are proposed,such as improving the sophistication of park design,increasing green visibility on the main tour routes,enrich the variety of scented flowers to prolong the viewing time.Design more parking facilities,rest facilities and catering facilities should also take into consideration,which can reduce the negative perception impression.The shortcomings of this study and future studies have also discussed.Firstly,in terms of methods,the assessment accuracy of users’ perception are not perfect,there still need more work to improve the deep learning algorithm and enlarge the basic corpus,which can have substantial improvements on the accuracy of results and the efficiency of analysis.Secondly,parks are diverse,their characteristics are influenced by various factors,such as culture and topography.One suggestion can not fit all,it needs some adaptive changes from the actual situation.Thirdly,factors that affect users’ perception are not limited to park characteristics,the users’ conditions,access methods,urban landscape and climatic should also taken into consideration.Fourth,the assessing system can be divided into more categories.For example,Chongqing has a hot and rainy summer,cold and wet winter,while the climate in spring and autumn is relatively pleasant.Therefore,the climate factor can be further subdivided into two features(winter and summer,spring and autumn) in future studies,which can improve the research precision and the application of planning practice.Overall,this study can enhance the measurements and evaluation on visitors’ perceptions of parks.In order to effectively improve users’ experience,satisfaction and happiness,it combines user experience with several specific practices,such as landscape construction,the maintenance of infrastructure,and management.This study can also provide constructive guidance for humanized park and livable city construction.
作者
叶林
江伦
韩贵锋
YE Lin;JIANG Lun;HAN Guifeng
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2022年第4期147-154,共8页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51978091)。
关键词
城市公园
使用感知
使用评价
文本情感分析
深度学习
Urban Park
User Perception
User Evaluation
Text Sentiment Analysis
Deep Learning
