摘要
本文旨在阐明数字经济发展如何影响劳动力不充分就业。在理论方面,构建了包含生产部门和家庭部门的一般均衡模型进行分析;在实证方面,采用2012年、2014年和2016年的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)微观数据和地级市宏观数据,构建多维度劳动力不充分就业变量和城市数字经济指数,研究城市数字经济发展对劳动力不充分就业的影响及作用机理。研究发现,城市数字经济发展显著降低了劳动力不充分就业概率。机制检验表明,城市数字经济发展通过劳动力就业技能结构升级和行业结构升级表征的技能偏向型技术进步路径来降低不充分就业,且就业技能结构升级主要表现为对中等技能劳动力的创造效应。异质性分析发现,数字化就业与传统就业差异、性别差异、区域特征、流动劳动力与非流动劳动力差异、产业类型等均会使上述影响产生异质性效果。拓展分析发现,数字经济发展显著降低了劳动力不充分就业程度。本文的结论从微观个体和宏观发展的角度丰富和完善了数字经济发展对就业影响的研究,为发展数字经济和实现更加充分更高质量就业提供了理论支持。
Employment is the foundation of people’s well-being and stability, and it is both important and urgent to reduce the labor underemployment that has become a prominent problem. The global economy has entered a new stage of digital economy development,which profoundly affects the labor market. The development of digital economy has provided opportunities such as the creation of high-quality jobs and the income increase of medium-and high-skilled labor due to skill-biased technological change. It can be said that digital transformation provides a new opportunity for the adjustment of employment norms. Therefore,this paper explores how the development of digital economy affects the labor underemployment,as well as the possible role of skill-biased technological change. This paper carries out both theoretical and the empirical analyses.Theoretically, a general equilibrium model including production and household sectors is constructed for our analysis. Empirically,this paper adopts the micro-level data from the China Laborforce Dynamic Survey in 2012,2014,and 2016 and the macro-level data of China’s prefecture-level cities. Labor underemployment is defined from the perspectives of working time,labor remuneration,working conditions,and social security. Moreover,the urban digital economy index is constructed,including four dimensions:digital infrastructure,digital industrialization,industrial digitalization,and digital innovation. This paper uses the Probit model and the Heckman two-stage model to conduct empirical estimation and uses the multiple mediation effect model to test the influencing mechanism.Research findings are as follows. The urban digital economy development significantly reduces the probability of labor underemployment. Specifically,it reduces underemployment through the skill-biased technological change path,which is manifested as the upgrading of employment skill structure and industrial structure. Furthermore,the segmentation path shows that upgrading labor skill structure is mainly manifested as the creation effect on the medium-skilled labor. According to the heterogeneity analysis,the development of digital economy has a greater impact on reducing underemployment of the digital employment labor force. The development of digital economy plays a more significant role in reducing underemployment of the male labor. The effect of the digital economy on reducing underemployment is more significant in cities locating in central regions;urban agglomerations play a key role in the process of the digital economy development reducing underemployment. The development of digital economy plays a significant role in reducing the underemployment of migrant labor,and has a greater impact on reducing the underemployment of labor force in the secondary industry. After a series of robustness tests, these conclusions are still valid. It can be said that the urban digital economy development significantly reduces the underemployment.Then this paper provides the following policy implications. It is important to promote the building of Digital China comprehensively,reduce labor underemployment,continuously improve the skill level of the labor force to meet the requirements of the labor market for digital technology talents,and pay attention to the development of skill-intensive industries to promote industrial structural transformation.The role of the digital economy in achieving full employment should be brought into play by combining the characteristics of different labor groups. This paper enriches relevant research on the measurement of China’s underemployment,clarifies for the first time how digital economy development affects labor underemployment,and proposes the influencing mechanism of skill-biased technological change. In addition,this paper enriches and improves research on the influence of the digital economy development on employment from the perspective of micro individual and macro development. This provides theoretical support and empirical evidence to develop the digital economy and achieve a more complete and higher quality employment.
作者
陈贵富
韩静
韩恺明
CHEN Gui-fu;HAN Jing;HAN Kai-ming(Center for Macroeconomics Research,Xiamen University;Paula and Gregory Chow Institute for Studies in Economics,Xiamen University)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第8期118-136,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
教育部重点研究基地重大项目“中国季度宏观经济模型(CQMM)的再拓展”(批准号17JJD790014)。
关键词
不充分就业
数字经济
技能偏向型技术进步
技能结构
行业结构
underemployment
digital economy
skill-biased technological change
skill structure
industrial structure
