摘要
本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸铬对热应激状态下干奶牛直肠温度、抗氧化能力和被动免疫转移能力的影响,为蛋氨酸铬在干奶牛上的合理应用提供理论依据。试验选取72头胎次、预产期和体重相近的健康经产荷斯坦干奶牛,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分为4组(C组、L组、M组、H组),每组18个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组(C组)饲喂牧场基础饲粮,L组、M组、H组在基础饲粮中分别添加有效铬含量为3、6、9 mg/(头·d)的蛋氨酸铬。试验期从产前第60天至产犊当天。试验期间每10 d测定1次直肠温度。在干奶牛产前第60、28、10天和产犊当天尾静脉采血,测定血清生化、抗氧化及免疫指标等。奶牛产犊后立即采集初乳样品,犊牛出生2 h内灌服初乳,24 h后颈静脉采血,测定血清免疫指标。结果显示:1)饲粮添加蛋氨酸铬对各时期干奶牛15:00的直肠温度无显著影响(P>0.05);干奶牛产前第30天09:00的直肠温度随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加而线性降低(P=0.02);产前第10天09:00,L组和H组干奶牛的直肠温度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);从全期来看,M组和H组干奶牛09:00的直肠温度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)产前第45天,各补饲蛋氨酸铬组干奶牛的干物质采食量(DMI)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)从全期来看,M组干奶牛血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),L组和M组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);分娩当天,干奶牛血清丙二醛(MDA)含量随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加呈三次降低(P=0.04)。4)产前第10天,M组干奶牛血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);产前第28天,M组干奶牛血清非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);产前第10天,L组和M组干奶牛血清NEFA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且血清β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)含量随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加呈二次降低趋势(P=0.08)。5)M组初乳中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);初乳中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加有线性升高趋势(P=0.08);M组初乳中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组和H组(P<0.05)。产前第28天,干奶牛血清IgA含量随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加二次升高(P=0.04);L组、M组和H组干奶牛血清IgM含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产前第10天,干奶牛血清IgM含量随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加呈二次升高趋势(P=0.09);分娩当天,干奶牛血清IgG含量随蛋氨酸铬添加量的增加呈线性升高趋势(P=0.07),且IgM含量也呈二次升高趋势(P=0.09)。M组犊牛血清IgG含量显著高于对照组和H组(P<0.05)。综上可知,干奶牛饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铬可以有效缓解热应激,提高抗氧化能力和被动免疫转移能力,其中添加有效铬含量为6 mg/(头·d)的蛋氨酸铬效果最优。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of chromium methionine on rectal temperature,antioxidant capacity and passive immune transfer ability of dry cows under heat stress,and to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of chromium methionine in dry cows.Seventy-two healthy Holstein dry cows with similar parity,pre-natal period and body weight were selected in the experiment.The single-factor completely randomized experimental design was adopted and they were randomly divided into four groups(groups C,L,M and H),with 18 replicates in each group and one cow in each replicate.The dry cows in control group(group C)were fed a pasture-basal diet,and those in groups L,M and H were supplemented with chromium methionine(Cr-Met)at an effective chromium content of 3,6 and 9 mg/(head·d)in the basal diet,respectively.The experimental period was from the 60th day before the expected calving to the day of calving.Rectal temperature was measured every 10 days during the experiment.Blood samples of dry cows were collected from tail vein on the 60th,28th and 10th day of prenatal delivery and the day of calving,and the serum biochemical,antioxidant and immune indexes were determined.Colostrum samples were collected immediately after calving,and colostrum was infused within 2 hours after birth.Blood samples of cavies were collected from jugular vein 24 hours later,and blood immune indexes were determined.The results showed as follows:1)the rectal temperature of dry cows at 15:00 on each period was not significantly affected by dietary Cr-Met supplementation(P>0.05),but the rectal temperature at 09:00 on the 30th day before delivery decreased linearly with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.02).On the 10th day before delivery,the rectal temperature of dry cows at 15:00 in groups L and H was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).During the whole period,the rectal temperature of dry cows at 09:00 in groups M and group H was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).2)On the 45th day before delivery,the dry matter intake(DMI)of dry cows in Cr-Met supplementation groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).3)During the whole period,the serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of dry cows in group M was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),and the serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities in groups L and M was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).On the day of delivery,the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content of dry cows decreased cubically with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.04).4)On the 10th day before delivery,the serum triglyceride(TG)content of dry cows in group M was significantly lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).On the 28th day before delivery,the content of serum non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)in group M was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).On the 10th day before delivery,the content of serum NEFA in groups L and M was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05),and the content of serumβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHBA)shows a quadratic decrease trend with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.08).5)The content of immunoglobulin G(IgG)in colostrum in group M was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The content of immunoglobulin A(IgA)in colostrum showed a linear increase trend with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.08).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in group M was significantly higher than that in the control group and group H(P<0.05).On the 28th day before delivery,the serum IgA content of dry cows increased quadratically with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.04),and the IgM content of dry cows in groups L,M and H was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).On the 10th day before delivery,the serum IgM content of dry cows tended to increase quadratically with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.09).On the day of delivery,the serum IgG content of dry cows tended to increased linearly with the increase of Cr-Met supplemental level(P=0.07),and the IgM content tended to increase quadratically(P=0.09).The serum IgG content in group M was significantly higher than that in control group and group H(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of Cr-Met in dry cows can effectively alleviate heat stress,improve antioxidant capacity and passive immune transfer,and the effect of Cr-Met with effective chromium content of 6 mg/(head·d)is the best.
作者
马翊暄
沈宜钊
李妍
冯维
张海博
郭刚
王美美
孙凤莉
李秋凤
李建国
曹玉凤
高艳霞
MA Yixuan;SHEN Yizhao;LI Yan;FENG Wei;ZHANG Haibo;GUO Gang;WANG Meimei;SUN Fengli;LI Qiufeng;LI Jianguo;CAO Yufeng;GAO Yanxia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Beijing Shounong Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100076,China;Hebei Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Baoding 071000,China;Embryo Engineering and Technological Center of Cattle and Sheep of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期5852-5865,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS36)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018120203)
河北省重点研发项目(20326606D)
河北农业大学精准畜牧学科群建设项目(1090064)
承德市科技研究与发展项目(202001B026)。
关键词
干奶牛
蛋氨酸铬
热应激
抗氧化
被动免疫转移
dry cows
chromium methionine
heat stress
antioxidation
passive immune transfer
