摘要
居家养老是我国居民养老方式中的主要选择。2015年以后,在政策和实践的双重推动下,我国居家养老发展进入了快车道,服务覆盖面快速扩张,内容也逐渐丰富。但相关调查也显示,居家养老的整体发展同居民需求之间仍有较大差距。服务内容欠缺、现有供需不匹配、城乡差异较大等是居家养老当前面临的突出问题。医疗服务是居家老年人最关切的内容,但现有医疗卫生服务体系不适老的现象还比较明显。收入水平过低成为制约农村地区居家养老服务发展的重要因素。扎实推进居家养老建设,需要在提升农村居民养老收入的同时,立足城乡社区对现有服务进行扩容提质,此外提升医疗卫生服务体系的适老化水平也应成为近期一项重点工作。
Home-based care has been the main choice for most people in China.Since 2015,driven by both strong policy support and the active practices,home-based care service has developed rapidly in China,with a rapid expansion of service coverage and gradually enriched services.However,researches have also shown that there is still a gap between the overall development of home-based care and the needs of residents.Based on 2021 China’s livelihood investigation which covered 50005 respondents by phone calls and 11221 households by face-to-face in-depth interviews,this paper depicts the current situation of the home-based social care of the elderly in China and analyzes the challenges faced by the elderly when receiving home-based social care.This paper consists of four parts.Part One gives the conceptual analysis regarding home-based social care and emphasizes“living at home”and“socialized service”are the two key components when defining home-based social care.Furthermore,three reasons are proposed in explaining why home-based social care has become the latest global trend in tacking population aging related challenges:cost-benefits analysis at household level,capacity limit to provide enough facilities to accommodate the rapidly increasing aged people at national level and physiological need at the individual level among the elderly.Part Two shows the results from the investigation regarding China’s community capacity to provide related services to the elderly living at home.The investigation shows that living at home has become the first choice among the elderly.However,up to half of the respondents have shown their worries in obtaining caretakers in practice.With the continuous financial inputs over the past years,aged people related infrastructures in communities have shown prominent progress but inadequate capacities in providing needed services to the elderly living at home has become the main challenge for the further development of home-based social care.It also finds that home-visit medical treatment and emergency rescue have become the most needed services and prominent disparity exists between the rural elderly and the urban elderly.Part Three carries out an analysis concerning the key component in meeting the needs of the elderly living at home.It finds that healthcare has long been the most concerned issue among the elderly due to their deteriorating health status.Communities have been the main place for the elderly to seek medical services when needed.However,most respondents in the investigation have claimed that community-based healthcare system has not been“age-friendly”due to the lack of consideration for the aged people.Based on the previous analyses,Part Four proposes policy recommendations to improve home-based social care services for the elderly in the future.To summarize,lack of services,mismatch between the existing supply and demand,and large urban-rural differences have been the prominent challenges among the home-based social care services for the elderly in China.Healthcare has become the most concerned issue among the elderly living at home.However,the existing medical system is not elderly-friendly.In rural areas,low income of the elderly has become another influencing factor in promoting home-based care development.To solidly promote the construction of home-based elderly care,it is necessary to expand and improve the existing services based on urban and rural communities while increasing the income of rural residents.During the implementation process,focuses should be laid on improving community capacities and to create an age-friendly healthcare system should be the priority in the near future.
作者
冯文猛
纪竞垚
FENG Wenmeng;JI Jingyao(Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources,Development Research Center of the State Council,Beijing 100010,China;Institute of Social Development,Academy of Macroeconomic Research,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》
2022年第9期1-9,共9页
Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）
关键词
居家养老
医疗服务
民生调查
home-based care for the elderly
healthcare service
livelihood investigation
