摘要
【目的】深入了解山楂种质资源表型性状的多样性和变异特点,为山楂种质资源的合理利用提供理论参考。【方法】对62份山楂种质资源的22个描述型表型性状进行观测和描述,对26个数值型表型性状进行相关性、聚类、主成分等分析。【结果】22个描述型性状中,共观测到92个变异类型。26个数值型性状中,果实水分含量变异系数最小,种仁率变异系数最大。通过聚类分析将山楂种质资源分为3类。主成分分析表明,前8个主成分累计贡献率为76.825%,结合相关性分析,共筛选出14个代表性指标用于山楂种质资源的综合评价。【结论】山楂种质资源的表型存在丰富的多样性。62份山楂种质资源可分为3个类群,初步明确了每个类群在育种中的利用价值。最大单果质量、果实横径等14个主要指标可作为山楂种质资源评价和良种选育的参考标准。
【Objective】Identification and evaluation of germplasm resources are essentially prerequisite for rational utilization.Diversity analysis of phenotypic characters is the most basic method for the evaluation of germplasm resources and the screening of excellent germplasm materials.The aim of this study was to fully understand the genetic diversity of hawthorn(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)germplasm resources and improve the efficiency of hawthorn breeding in China.【Methods】This study was conducted in 2019 and 2021 in the Hawthorn Germplasm Repository of Institute of Forestry and Fruit Tree Research,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.62 hawthorn germplasm resources were evaluated.All the 62 germplasm resources were ten years old and planted in the same plots with same soil and plant management practices.Three bearing-trees with similar growth state were selected for each resource as experimental subjects.10 healthy,non-pest and disease mature fruits and 1-year twigs were randomly selected from the periphery of the crown in four directions of each sample for index determination.22 descriptive phenotypic traits and twenty-six quantitative phenotypic traits were determined.The hawthorn germplasm resources description and evaluation system and the hawthorn germplasm resources description specification and data standards were referenced.22 descriptive phenotypic traits of the 62 hawthorn germplasm resources were recorded by description and observa tion method.The frequency distribution and diversity of descriptive phenotypic traits were analyzed.26 quantitative characters of the 62 hawthorn germplasm resources were measured.The quantitative phenotypic traits were analyzed by correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The frequency distribution of the descriptive phenotypic traits and analysis of diversity for quantitative phenotypic traits were performed using Pandas software v.1.3.1 and Numpy software v.1.19.5.The Shannon-Wiener information index H and Simpson genetic diversity index D of the descriptive phenotypic traits were analyzed using Vegan software v.2.5.7.The correlation analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed using R software v.4.1.4.【Results】A total of 92 variant types were observed for the 22 descriptive traits.Among them,the color of 2-years old twigs,stomata shape,stomata density,sepal state,pericarp color and pulp flavor had a large variation range.The Shannon-Wiener information index H and Simpson genetic diversity index D ranged from 0.285 to 1.6087 and 0.2027 to 0.8887,respectively.The higher diversity indexes were observed in the color of 2-years old twigs(H:1.5831,D:0.7644),sepal state(H:1.6087,D:0.744),pericarp color(H:1.3983,D:0.7093)and pulp flavor(H:1.3756,D:0.6754),indicating relatively rich genetic diversity in these traits.The average coefficient of variation of the 26 quantitative traits was 30.24%.Among them,the water content coefficient of variation was the smallest,(5.86%);the kernel percentage coefficient of variation was the largest(79.91%).The correlation analysis showed that there were high correlations between the 26 quantitative traits,56 of them were extremely significantly and positively correlated,and 28 were significantly and positively correlated,35 were significantly and negatively correlated,and 16 were negatively correlated.The results of R-type cluster analysis showed that the 26 quantitative traits could be classified into four categories at Euclidean distance 12.The results of R-type cluster analysis were consistent with the results of correlation analysis,namely that the traits in each of the four categories were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with each other.According to cluster analysis,the 62 hawthorn germplasm resources were divided into 3 groups at the Euclidean distance of 20.The first group could be used for selecting high kernel percentage and high fruit setting rate cultivars,GroupⅡfor selecting high yield,high edible rate and high soluble sugar content cultivars and GroupⅢfor selecting large fruit and high Vc content cultivars.The Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components reached to 76.825%,such as the max single fruit weight,fruit transverse diameter,fruit branch capacity and natural crossing rate and so on,which mainly reflected the fruit size and high yield trait factors.Combined to the correlation analysis results,26 quantitative traits could be simplified into fourteen main indicators:the max single fruit weight,fruit transverse diameter,fruit branch capacity,average number of fruit setting,leaf width,leaf length,water content,average number of fruit branch,starch content,soluble sugar content,corolla size,pectin content,edible rate and middle fruit branch index,which improved the efficiency for evaluation and breeding selection of hawthorn.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits of the 62 hawthorn germplasm resources had abundant genetic diversity.They could be divided into 3 groups based on the ward cluster analysis.The potential utilization value of each group for breeding was determined.The 26 quantitative traits could be simplified into fourteen indicators,which could be used as key indicators for the selection,identification and evaluation of hawthorn germplasm resources.
作者
秦宇
郝瑞鑫
李若晴
王燕
董宁光
QIN Yu;HAO Ruixin;LI Ruoqing;WANG Yan;DONG Ningguang(Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(North China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100093,China;Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650233,Yunnan,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期1759-1773,共15页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力专项(KJCX20220101)
北京市农林科学院财政追加专项(CZZJ202103)。
关键词
山楂
资源
表型性状
多样性
Hawthorn
Germplasm
Phenotypic trait
Diversity
