摘要
目的:调查上饶地区儿童过敏性疾病患病率情况、过敏性疾病发病相关因素,为上饶地区临床治疗和预防儿童过敏性疾病提供依据。方法:2020年1月-2021年1月,通过设计一项横断面研究,两阶段分层整群抽样纳入研究对象,收集6000名上饶地区0~14岁的儿童作为本次调查研究对象,调查儿童人口学相关资料,包括年龄、性别;收集调查儿童过敏性疾病患病情况,了解吸入和食入过敏原情况。进而总结和收集上饶地区年龄0~14岁儿童过敏性疾病患病率情况、患病种类、疾病发病相关因素。结果:调查儿童主要的过敏性疾病有哮喘、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、过敏性结膜炎、食物过敏及过敏性紫癜,6000名儿童中患有过敏性疾病的有3031名,过敏性疾病发生率为50.52%(3031/6000);其中,男3260例,患有过敏性疾病的占比56.01%(1826/3260),女2740例,患有过敏性疾病的为43.98%(1205/2740),男性儿童过敏性患者明显高于女性;0~7岁儿童患过敏性疾病的比例为57.39%,8~14岁的儿童患过敏性疾病比例为41.22%;城市儿童患过敏性疾病的比例为68.56%,城镇儿童患过敏性疾病的比例为41.59%,农村儿童患者过敏性疾病的比例为27.48%;其中0~7岁儿童患湿疹比例(37.39%)高于8~14岁儿童(15.69%),8~14岁儿童患哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、结膜炎、过敏性紫癜比例(8.67%、7.69%、2.27%、3.06%)均高于0~7岁儿童(4.96%、6.61%、0.99%、1.45%);通过调查结果显示,主要的吸入性过敏原为粉尘螨、屋尘、动物皮毛等,占比分别为25.44%、15.44%、5.41%;在食入性过敏原中,主要的食入性过敏原有牛奶、鸡蛋、花生、虾/蟹,占比为12.44%、10.43%、6.43%、6.43%。结论:儿童年龄越小过敏性疾病的发生率越高,城市儿童比农村儿童患病率更高,其中男性儿童过敏性疾病患病率高于女性,常见的过敏性疾病有湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、哮喘、食物过敏等,主要的过敏原有吸入粉尘螨、屋尘、动物皮毛和食入牛奶、鸡蛋、花生、海鲜等原因。
Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related factors of allergic diseases in children in Shangrao,so as to provide evidence for clinical treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children in Shangrao.Method:From January 2020 to January 2021,a cross-sectional study was designed.Two stage stratified cluster sampling was included in the study.6000 children aged 0 to 14 in Shangrao were collected as the subjects of this survey.The demographic data of children,including age and gender,were investigated;Collect and investigate the prevalence of allergic diseases in children,and understand the situation of inhaled and ingested allergens.Then we summarized and collected the prevalence of allergic diseases,the types of disease,and the related factors of disease incidence among children aged 0-14 years in Shangrao area.Result:The main allergic diseases of children surveyed included asthma,eczema,allergic rhinitis,allergic conjunctivitis,food allergy and allergic purpura.Among 6000 children,3031 had allergic diseases,and the incidence of allergic diseases was 50.52%(3031/6000).Among them,3260 cases were male,of which 56.01%(1826/3260)were suffering from allergic diseases,and 2740 cases were female,of which 43.98%(1205/2740)were suffering from allergic diseases.Allergic patients in male children were significantly higher than those in women.The proportion of children aged 0-7 years old suffering from allergic diseases was 57.39%,and the proportion of children aged 8-14 years old suffering from allergic diseases was 41.22%.The proportion of urban children suffering from allergic diseases was 68.56%,the proportion of town children suffering from allergic diseases was 41.59%,and the proportion of rural children suffering from allergic diseases was 27.48%.The proportion of children aged 0-7 years old suffering from eczema disease(37.39%)was higher than that of children aged 8-14 years old,the proportion of children aged 8-14 years old suffering from asthma,allergic rhinitis,allergic conjunctivitis and allergic purpura diseases(8.67%,7.69%,2.27%,3.06%)were higher than those of children aged 0-7 years old(4.96%,6.61%,0.99%,1.45%).The results showed that the main allergens were dust mites,house dust and animal fur,accounting for 25.44%,15.44%and 5.41%respectively.Among the food allergens,the main food allergens are milk,eggs,peanuts,shrimp/crab,accounting for 12.44%,10.43%,6.43%and 6.43%.Conclusion:The younger children have the higher incidence of allergic diseases.Urban children have a higher prevalence rate than rural children.Among them,male children have a higher prevalence rate of allergic diseases than women.Common allergic diseases include eczema,allergic rhinitis,asthma,food allergy,etc.The main allergens are inhalation of dust mites,house dust,animal fur,and intake of milk,eggs,peanuts,seafood,etc.
作者
黄坚
赵金龙
郑大江
朱颜君
刘艳
HUANG Jian;ZHAO Jinlong;ZHENG Dajiang;ZHU Yanjun;LIU Yan(Shangrao Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Jiangxi Province,Shangrao 334000,China;不详)
出处
《中国医学创新》
CAS
2022年第28期93-97,共5页
Medical Innovation of China
基金
江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(202212791)。
关键词
过敏性疾病
危险因素
患病率
横断面研究
Allergic disease
Risk factors
Prevalence
Cross-sectional study
