摘要
应急响应是应急管理领域的学术研究重点,然而,由于并未对其作严格的类型学划分,导致应急响应研究结论的模糊性及其适用的局限性。作为应急响应的一个子类,自然灾害的可预测式预警响应有其特殊性,由于灾害尚未发生,处于一种“不确定性”的风险情境中,时常面临响应失灵的困境。基于应急管理过程论的框架,预警响应失灵依然可以从预警、预防与响应的关系以及响应决策本身获得体系性解释。基于阈值的预警模式,灾后面向的预案设计以及“不确定性”的风险情境都制约着预警响应功能的发挥。当前的应急实践迫切需要转变预警方式,从阈值预警走向风险预警,优化预案前端结构,强化预警响应常态化模拟,确立风险预防原则,健全预警响应类案学习机制,进而提高预警响应效能,减少预警响应失灵的发生。
Emergency response is a focus of academic research in the field of emergency management.However,due to the lack of strict typological classification,the conclusions of the emergency response research are often fuzzy and their applicability is limited.As a subclass of emergency response,the predictable early warning response of natural disasters has its particularity.Because the disaster has not happened yet,it is in an“uncertain”risky situation and often faces the dilemma of failure in response operations.Based on the theoretical framework of the emergency management process,the failure in early warning response can be systematically explained from the relationship among early warning,prevention and response as well as response decision itself.The early warning model based on the threshold value,the design of the post-disaster plan and the“uncertain”risky situation all restrict the functions of the early warning response.In the current emergency practice,it is urgent to change the early warning model from the early warning based on the threshold value to the risk-based early warning,optimize the early planning,strengthen the normal simulation of early warning response,establish the risk prevention principle,and improve the learning mechanism of early warning response cases so as to improve the efficiency of early warning response and reduce the occurrence of failure in early warning response.
作者
刘星
LIU Xing(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)
出处
《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期85-95,共11页
Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
重庆市社会科学规划“阐释党的十九届六中全会精神”项目“统筹发展和安全视阈下防范化解重大社会安全风险研究”(2021YBCS34)
重庆市教委人文社会科学基地重点研究项目“统筹发展和安全视阈下重大市域社会风险治理之道”(22SKJD024)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“数字政府建设中的电子行政裁量研究”(KYCX210070)阶段成果。
关键词
应急管理
预警响应
应急预案
应急响应
风险预防
emergency management
early warning response
emergency plan
emergency response
risk prevention
