摘要
人类增强技术作为一种运用会聚技术提高人类生理与心理能力的技术手段,其对于人体的嵌入式的干预打破了传统技术观下人物二分的本体论模型,这也意味着对传统技术的颠覆,但从增强人类能力的目的与追求完美化的理想来看,人类增强技术又被视为一种人类中心主义式的技术形态与人文传统的延续。断裂的观点与连续的观点之区分构成了生物保守主义与超人类主义的分界点,两大阵营围绕人类增强技术所带来的“增强”与“治疗”的概念界定、自主性与社会公正问题展开了激烈讨论,双方各自在自然人性论与进化论的理论基点与理论框架下的伦理论证都具有一定的合理性与局限性。无论如何,这些理论探索对于揭示和理解人类增强技术所带来的伦理问题提供了思路,而对于如何解决问题,合理而有限监管的中间道路、增强技术实践应用的伦理原则以及有效的法律法规体系与伦理审查制度可以构成当下应对人类增强技术伦理问题的策略框架。
As a technical means to improve human physiological and psychological abilities through converging technology,human enhancement technology breaks the traditional ontological model of the dichotomy of characters by its embedded intervention in the human body,implying a subversion of traditional technology.However,from the perspective of the purpose of human enhancement and the ideal of perfection,human enhancement technology is seen as an anthropocentric form of technology and a continuation of the humanistic tradition.The distinction between the fractured view and the continuous view constitutes the demarcation point between bio-conservatism and transhumanism.Both bio-conservatism and transhumanism had a heated discussion about the definition of“enhancement”and“therapy”,autonomy(free will)and social justice issues brought about by human enhancement technology.Both sides have certain rationalities and limitations in their ethical argumentation under the theoretical basis and framework of natural humanism and evolutionism.In any case,these theoretical explorations provide ideas for revealing and understanding the ethical issues posed by human enhancement technology.As for how to solve the problem,many ways can constitute a strategic framework for addressing the ethical issues of human enhancement technology,such as a middle way of reasonable and limited regulation,ethical principles for the practical application of augmented technologies,and an effective legal system and the ethical review system.
作者
肖张明
Xiao Zhangming(School of Public Administration,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)
出处
《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》
2022年第5期70-78,共9页
Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
