摘要
金属矿产资源开采过程中产生的固体废弃物,在露天堆置条件下受降水淋溶和缓慢氧化作用,残存毒害物质极易对周边环境造成严重危害。选择德兴铜矿固废堆场为实验对象,对试验段固废堆场特征进行了测试分析,在绿化基材配比和堆场防渗隔离试验研究的基础上,提出了固废堆场工程关键绿化技术和主要施工工艺,并建立了6000 m^(2)试验段来验证该技术与工艺。结果表明:①大型酸性金属矿山固废堆场酸性物质和重金属含量高,重金属在酸性条件下异常活跃,非施以绿化工程手段难以自然复绿。②选择尾砂、底泥等矿区废弃物和畜禽粪便、砻糠、秸秆等农业废弃物能够制备出经济合理的工程用绿化基材。③5%浓度的W-OH溶液形成的柔性防渗隔离层,能有效防止施工过程中踩踏和重力拉伸断裂,保持防渗隔离层的完整性,防止酸性物质和重金属雨水淋溶迁移,且能够保证植物正常出苗生长。④按照文中提出的绿化技术体系和施工工艺要求完成的实验段取得了较好的效果,实施3个月后,植被覆盖度达到了85%以上,目标植物均正常出苗生长1年后样方调查显示,总盖度100%,生物量16153.3±1981.5 g/m^(2)、密度46.7±5.8株/m^(2),各目标植物长势良好。
The solid waste generated during the mining of metal mineral resources is subject to precipitation leaching and slow oxidation under the condition of open storage,resulting in residual toxic substances that cause serious harm to the surrounding environment.In this study,the solid waste yard of Dexing Copper Mine was selected as the experimental object.Through the test and analysis of the characteristics of the solid waste yard in the experimental place,and based on the experiment of ratio of greening substrates and the experimental research on the anti-seepage isolation of the yard,the key greening technology and main construction technology of the solid waste dumps were established,and a 6000 m^(2) test section was established to verify these techniques.The results show that:①The content of acid materials and heavy metals in the solid waste of large acid metal mines is high,and heavy metals are very active under acidic conditions.It is difficult to restore green naturally without greening engineering methods.②Economical and useful greening substrates can be prepared by mining wastes such as tailings and bottom mud,and agricultural wastes such as dung,chaff,and straw.③The flexible anti-seepage isolation layer formed by 5%concentration W-OH solution can effectively prevent trampling and gravity tensile fracture during construction,maintain the integrity of the anti-seepage isolation layer,and prevent the leaching and migration of acidic substances and heavy metals from rainwater,which can ensure the normal growth of plants.④The test section completed according to the greening technology system and construction process requirements proposed in this paper has achieved good results.After 3 months,the vegetation coverage has reached more than 85%,and the target plants have grown normally after 1 year,and the total coverage is 100%.The biomass is 16153.3±1981.5g/m^(2);the density is 46.7±5.8 plants/m^(2),and the target plants are growing well.
作者
祁有祥
江良
沈绍红
向华浩
王志强
Qi Youxiang;Jiang Liang;Shen Shaohong;Xiang Huahao;Wang Zhiqiang(Zhilan Ecological Environment Construction Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2022年第20期185-189,193,共6页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
基金
湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(编号:2021-49)。
关键词
酸性金属矿山
固废堆场
绿化技术
acid metal mine
solid waste yard
greening technology
